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Antro Test 3
Antro Test 3 study guide for exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Hominids | walking around on two legs, while having very ape like behaviors. |
| Gregarious | live in social groups |
| Advantages of living in a group | Protection from predators, improved access to food, access to mates, assistance in protecting and raising offspring, faster learning |
| Disadvantages of living in a group | More visible to predators, only certain males mate with females |
| Primates are | gregarious, territorial |
| Polyamy | One male multiple females, (gorillas, guenons, pottos, patas, spider monkeys) |
| Polyandry | One female multiple males, (marmosets, tamarins) |
| Bisexual | Chimpanzees, bonobos, macaques, baboons, vervets |
| Monogamous | Gibbons, indris, owl monkey, titis |
| solitary | aye-ayes, galagos, lorises |
| Males compete for access to | females, making them have larger body sizes, |
| Females compete for access to | resources for their young like food, affects social behavior |
| Males compete | physically with intimidation |
| Females compete | through relationships and emotionally |
| Protoculture | Behavior that has some of the characteristics of cultural behavior |
| Paleoanthropologists | Reconstruct the past by studying the remains of our fossil ancestors |
| Relative Dating | Estimation of age based on some other information from a site, (location, type, similarity, geology |
| Absolute Dating | specific age of an object |
| Law of Superposition | The lower layers of earth or artifacts are older than those which lay on top |
| Cultural Dating | A relative dating technique that uses changes in material culture to establish a chronology |
| Dendrochronology | Dating of past events using tree ring growth,( dates up 1 to 9,000 years used to recalibrate c-14 date |
| Carbon-14 Dating | Used to date organic remains, half life, 5730 years, dates up to 50-60,000 years ago |
| Potassium-Argon Dating | Half-life 1.3 billion years, finds the date that piece of rock was reset by heating, useful in volcanic regions like east Africa |
| Hominidea | Family that all Hominids belong to |
| Protohominid | Earliest members of the hominid lineage |
| Piltdown Man | Charles Dawson discovers him in 1912, however was a hoax jaw was not the same individual |
| Bipedalism | walking on two feet |
| Bipedal locomotion | walking |
| habitual bipedalism | form of locomotion practiced by homoinids |
| Foramen Magnum Position | skull positioned further forward under the skull |
| Spine | Human's spines are S-shaped and apes are straight |
| Pelvis | Bipedal creatures have short broad, or bowl shaped pelvis |
| Drawl back of bipedalism | it makes giving birth harder due to smaller pelvis |
| Knee | angles inwards |
| Hypothesis of the orgin of bipedalism | freeing of hands, running after game more efficient, sexual display, tools |
| Australopithecs Anamensis | First Australopith (ancestor to all) First identified by Meave Leakey in Kenya is 4.2-3.9 MYA, |
| Protohominids | Earliest members of the hominid lineage |
| Sahelanthropus tachadensis | Oldest possible hominid species, 7-6 mya found in chad |
| Orrorin Tuganensis | Found in Kenya leg bones are bipedal, human like teeth |
| Ardipithecus Kadabba | first consensus hominids, MNI=5 (minimum number of individuals)5.8-5.5mya |
| Ardipithecus Ramidus | Discovered by Tim White, 4.4 mya bipedal hominid, named ardi( suggest that last human/ape ancestor did not look like a modern ape |
| Kenyanthropus platyops | Flat faced man of Kenya, found by Maeve Leakey, 3.5mya |
| Austrlopithecus Afarensis | Lucy, 3.6mya, 1974 found by Donald Johansen, sexual dimorphism, brain size 430 cc |
| Hada-A.L 333 | The first famil, 200 hominid fossils, 13 individuals |
| Laetoli footprints | prints of three hominids |
| Austrlopithicus Garhi | 2.5 MYA Ethiopia, 450 CC brain, |
| KNW-WT 17000 A. | the black skull, 1985- alan walker and richard leakey,is the earliest robust human |
| Olduvai Gorge,Tanzania | A. Boisei in 1959 discovered by Mary Leakey, date 2.3 mya brain size 520cc |
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cregeorgia
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