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Chapter20 Definition

Key Terms And People

QuestionAnswer
Old Order The political and social system in place in France before the Revolution.
King Louis XVI King of France from 1774 to 1792. His unpopular policies helped trigger the French Revolution. Deposed by the National Convention he was excuted by guillotine.
Marie-Antoinette Queen of France, Wife of King Louis XVI. She was queen during the French Revolution and disliked by manf French citizens. She was found guilty of treason and guillotined.
First Estate In pre-Revolution France, the clergy.
Second Estate In pre-Revolution France, the nobles.
Third Estate In pre-Revolution France, the bourgeoisie,artisans,workers,and peasants.
Bourgeoisie The urban middle class; merchants,professionals, and manufactures.
Sanaculottes " Without breeches" a radical group of shopkeepers and wage earners during the French Revolution who wanted a larger voice in government and an end to food shortages.
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen A document that laid out the basics principles of the French Revolution--Liberty,equality, and fraternity.
Radical A person with extreme views.
Maximilien Robespierre Leading figure of the French Revolution. He was known for his intense dedication to the Revolution. He became increasingly radical and led the National Convention during its most bloodthirsty time.
Guillotine A device used during the French Revolution for beheading people.
Counterrevolution A revolution against a governemnt established by a revolution.
Reign of Terror A period during the French Revolution in which the Robespierre-led government excuted thousands of political figures and ordinary citizens.
Napoleon Bonaparte General Emperor of France. He seized power in coup d'etat in 1799 he led French armies in conquering much of Europe, placing his relatives in positions of power. Defeated at the Battle of Waterloo, he exiled on the islands of Elba.
Admiral Horatio Nelson British admiral, he defeated Napoleon's navy in Egypt and again at the Battle of Trafalgar.
Coutp d'etat " Stroke of state" the sudden pverthrow of a government by force.
Plebiscite The procedure used to submit the consitution of a new government to the people for yes-or-no vote.
Continetal System The system of the commercial blockades of Britian and continental Europe set in place by Napoleon with the intent of destroying Britians's economy.
Nationalism Sense of pride and devotion to one's nation.
Czar Alexander I Czar of Russia from 1801 to 1825 after the defeat of the Napoleon's army in 1812. He became one of the most powerful leaders in Europe,supporting the suppression of all revolutionary movements in Russia and Europe.
Hundred Days Period that marks the time between Napoleon;s return to Paris from Elba. His final defeat at Waterloo and the restoration of King Louis XVII.
Duke of Wellington British soldier and statesman;he led the British troops against Napoleon at the Battke of Waterloo.
Prince Klemens von Metternich Austrian statesman and diplomat. He was the Austrian representative at the Congress of Vienna.
Charles Maurice de Talleyrand French statesman and diplomat. He was one of the negotiators at the Congress of Vienna. He represented France on behalf of Louis XVII.
Indemnity Compensation that paid to a nation for the damage inflicted upon it in a war,
Rectionary An extremist who not only opposes damage but also wants to undo certain changes.
Created by: zizi hammond
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