Question 1

Nerve cells are AKA

Accepted Answer

neurons.

Question 2

The axon is the portion of a neuron that

Accepted Answer

carries impulses from one neuron to the next.

Question 3

The axon is surrounded by a protective lipoprotein called

Accepted Answer

myelin sheaths.

Question 4

The myelin sheaths allow nerve impulses to travel at

Accepted Answer

200 miles/second.

Question 5

Unmyelinated nerve impulses travel at

Accepted Answer

0.5 meter/second.

Question 6

A degenerative nerve disease caused by a degradation of the myelin sheaths is called

Accepted Answer

multiple sclerosis (MS).

Question 7

CNS stands for

Accepted Answer

central nervous system.

Question 8

The CNS is made up of the

Accepted Answer

brain and spinal cord.

Question 9

The brain makes ____________ calculations/second to maintain body functions.

Accepted Answer

100 trillion

Question 10

The brain contains

Accepted Answer

100,000,000,000 neurons.

Question 11

The PNS stands for

Accepted Answer

peripheral nervous system.

Question 12

The PNS is made up of

Accepted Answer

all the nerves except the brain and spinal cord.

Question 13

The PNS is made up of

Accepted Answer

1. Sensory neurons AKA
afferent neurons.
2. Motor neurons AKA
efferent neurons.

Question 14

Sensory (afferent) neurons transmit changes in the environment to the brain for

Accepted Answer

interpretation.

Question 15

Changes in the environment are called

Accepted Answer

stimuli.

Question 16

Motor (efferent) neurons transmit commands from the brain to the

Accepted Answer

muscles to facilitate movement.

Question 17

Smooth voluntary muscle movements are greatly influenced by the chemical neurotransmitter

Accepted Answer

dopamine.

Question 18

A disease caused by a deficiency of dopamine is called

Accepted Answer

Parkinson’s disease (PD).

Question 19

The ANS stands for

Accepted Answer

autonomic nervous system.

Question 20

The ANS is considered

Accepted Answer

involuntary (reflex).

Question 21

These reflexes include:

Accepted Answer

coughing, choking, sneezing, swallowing, and vomiting.

Question 22

The ANS is subdivided into the

Accepted Answer

1. Sympathetic division AKA
“fight or flight reactions.” 
2. The parasympathetic division.

Question 23

The sympathetic division uses a neurotransmitter (chemical) called

Accepted Answer

norepinephrine (NE) to transmit impulses.

Question 24

The parasympathetic division uses a neurotransmitter called

Accepted Answer

acetylcholine (Ach) to transmit impulses.

Question 25

The parasympathetic division operates during normal non-stressful situations (“rest and digest”) and includes:

Accepted Answer

a. Digestive processes.
b. Reproductive processes.
c. Eupnea.
d. Normal heart rate (HR).

Question 26

Changes that occur during the sympathetic (“fight or flight”) response are:

Accepted Answer

a. Tachycardia.
b. Tachypnea.
c. Bronchodilation.
d. Pupillary dilation.
e. Pallor due to
shunting of blood from the periphery to the large muscles of the arms and legs, brain, heart, and lungs.

Question 27

The largest part of the brain is called the

Accepted Answer

cerebrum.

Question 28

The outer portion of the cerebrum is called the

Accepted Answer

cerebral cortex.

Question 29

The cerebrum is divided into right and left halves called

Accepted Answer

hemispheres.

Question 30

These hemispheres are connected and communicate by the

Accepted Answer

corpus callosum.

Question 31

Sections of the brain are called

Accepted Answer

lobes.

Question 32

The frontal lobe controls:

Accepted Answer

1. Voluntary muscle function.
2. Moods.
3. Aggression.
4. Smell reception (olfactory).
5. Motivation.

Question 33

The parietal lobes evaluate sensory stimuli such as:

Accepted Answer

1. Touch.
2. Pain.
3. Balance.
4. Taste.
5. Temperature.

Question 34

The temporal lobes evaluate:

Accepted Answer

1. Hearing input.
2. Smell.
3. Memory.
4. Judgment.

Question 35

The occipital lobe functions in receiving and interpreting

Accepted Answer

visual input.

Question 36

Depression, migraines, anxiety, appetite, sexuality, and bipolar disorder are influenced by the chemical neurotransmitter

Accepted Answer

serotonin.

Question 37

The second largest portion of the brain is called the

Accepted Answer

cerebellum.

Question 38

The cerebellum is located at the

Accepted Answer

posterior base of the brain.

Question 39

The cerebellum functions as a reflex center for

Accepted Answer

coordination and balance.

Question 40

The brain stem consists of the:

Accepted Answer

1. Medulla oblongata.
2. Pons Varolii.
3. Midbrain.

Question 41

The medulla and pons are responsible for controlling:

Accepted Answer

1. Consciousness and arousal.
2. Regulation of diameter of blood vessels (BP).
3. Heart rate (HR).
4. Ventilation (breathing).

Question 42

The midbrain acts as the connection between the

Accepted Answer

cerebrum and the spinal cord.

Question 43

The thalamus is the

Accepted Answer

principal relay station for sensory impulses that reach the cerebral cortex.

Question 44

The hypothalamus controls:

Accepted Answer

1. The pituitary gland.
2. Feelings of rage and aggression.
3. Body temperature.
4. Thirst.
5. Sleep.
6. Food intake (satiation).

Question 45

The spinal cord begins as a continuation of the

Accepted Answer

medulla oblongata.

Question 46

The length of the spinal cord is approximately

Accepted Answer

16 -18 inches.

Question 47

The function of the spinal cord is to

Accepted Answer

1. Convey sensory impulses from the periphery to the brain.
2. Conduct motor impulses from the brain to the periphery.

Question 48

Branching off the spinal cord are the

Accepted Answer

31 paired spinal nerves.

Question 49

Most spinal nerves exit the vertebral column between the

Accepted Answer

adjacent vertebrae.

Question 50

Spinal nerves consist of:

Accepted Answer

8 cervical pairs.
12 thoracic pairs.
5 lumbar pairs.
5 sacral pairs.
1 coccygeal pair.

Question 51

The brain and spinal cord are surrounded by protective membranes called

Accepted Answer

meninges.

Question 52

The outermost meninx is called the

Accepted Answer

dura mater (tough mother).

Question 53

The middle meninx is called the

Accepted Answer

arachnoid membrane (spider layer).

Question 54

The innermost meninx is called the

Accepted Answer

pia mater (delicate mother).

Question 55

Between the dura mater and arachnoid membrane is the

Accepted Answer

subdural space.

Question 56

The subdural space contains

Accepted Answer

serous fluid.

Question 57

Between the arachnoid membrane and the pia mater is the

Accepted Answer

subarachnoid space.

Question 58

The subarachnoid space contains

Accepted Answer

CSF (cerebrospinal fluid).

Question 59

CSF circulates around the brain and spinal cord through cavities called

Accepted Answer

ventricles.

Question 60

The CSF serves as a

Accepted Answer

shock absorber and circulates nutrients.

Question 61

The brain has 12 cranial nerves

Accepted Answer

I. Olfactory(S), II. Optic(S), III. Oculomotor(M),IV. Trochlear(M),V. Trigeminal(B)
VI. Abducens  (M)
VII. Facial  (B)
VIII. Auditory (Vestibulocochlear)  (S)
IX. Glossopharyngeal  (B)
X. Vagus  (B)
XI. Spinal accessory  (M), XII. Hypoglossal  (M)

The Nervous System

Body Structures Chapters 10 + 11 Page 219

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