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anthro 1 haradon

Test 2

QuestionAnswer
Describe how the age at death of an individual may be estimated based on dental and skeletal remains. Soft spots on cranium fuse with age, as does the development of the temporal bone, the size and shape of the wrist bones and virtually any other bone. as well as dental eruption and the growth of long bones(common)
What characteristics of the pelvis and skull can be used to distinguish between males and females? (pelvic region) Male- long, thin, high. Female- broad, bridges .. (skull) Male- large browridge, square jaw, more robust, muscle marked. Female- lil/ no browridge, bones more gracile, round jaw
What is dental hypoplasia and what does it indicate about events in a person’s life? Defects in enamel growth( up till the age of 12-15)
How can you tell the difference between injury to a bone that occurred shortly before an individual’s death and an injury that healed during an individual’s lifetime? Bone fractures that occur before death show sings of healing. the process of fracture healing starts with soft callus formation. Bone fractures that occur during life time proceeded to bone fusion.
Can the stature of an individual be estimated in the absence of the entire skeleton? How? Yes, since it is directly correlated to the femur length
List and describe the physical characteristics of primates (hand/foot and skull/face/teeth).
What are life history traits? List and describe three life history traits of primates. Single offspring: Nearly all primates give single births, combined with a long maturation period and large investment of time and energy from mother. Large Brains: They possess a high degree of encephalization or increased in the volume of the neocortex (cognitive)More obvious in haplorhine than strepsirhines. Have fissures to increase surface area, believed to increase Congnitive function. Extended Ontogony: Primates live by learned behavior as much as instinct that's why these large gaps in maturity are needed to learn everything before advencing to next stage.(social skills, survival,ect..)
What is the difference between “K” and “r” selected reproductive strategies? Give an example of animals that practice each strategy.
How is primate growth and development (ontogeny) unique compared with other animals? Explain the adaptive significance (i.e., purpose) of extended ontogeny.
What are the two suborders of primates? List the characteristics (physical and behavioral) and provide examples of specific taxa for each group. strepsorhines: scent mark objects(wet nose-rhinarium), tooth comb,unfused jaw,grooming claw, open back of orbit, tapedome lucidom(eyes reflect light), eats leaves,insects, and fruits. solitary, pairs, small groups. smaller primitive, nocturnal ex: Lemurs, galago and loris. Haplorhini. traits include vision> important smell. Post orbital plate, 2 infraorders, tarsiformus and anthropoids, haplorhines: 2 infraorders-> tarsiers and monkeys/apes(anthropoids): vision>important smell, post orbital plate
What are the two infraorders of haplorhines? List and describe the characteristics and provide examples of specific taxa for each group. anthropodia:(highly social, fused mandible, dural, color vision important) and tarsiformus:(monogomous, mix of suborder characteristics)
Why is the tarsier a difficult group to classify within a Strepsirhine/Haplorhine dichotomy? Know the tarsier’s characteristics, including autapomorphies. Because it shares characteristics from both strep and haplorhines. tarsiar characteristics: monogomous,carnivious,nocturnal,
What are Platyrrhines v. Catarrhines? List and describe the characteristics and provide examples of specific taxa for each group. platyrrhines NWM: characteristics are prehensile tails, flat nose, only trees, 3 premolars, outward facing nostrils. Catarrhines:OWM + apes. 2 premolars, grea
What is the difference between OWM and apes?
What are the two subfamilies of OWM? List and describe the characteristics and provide examples of specific taxa for each group.
What are the two groups (families) of hominoids? List and describe the characteristics and provide examples of specific taxa for each group.
List and describe the species (focusing on their individual characteristics) that are part of the “great ape” clade.
Describe the types of primate locomotor patterns. Give an example of a species that uses each type of locomotion. How are primates that use VCL, brachiation, and quadrupedalism (terrestrial v. arboreal) physically adapted to these locomotor patterns?
social structures and give an example of a species that practices each structure: monogamy, polyandry, polygamy, noyau, fission-fusion, and flexible. What are reproductive advantages and disadvantages to each social structure?
Define insectivory, folivory, frugivory, and omnivory and explain how teeth are adapted to each type of diet. Provide an example of a primate group or species for the different dietary categories.
What is the adaptive significance of large canines in primates? What do these characteristics suggest about the social behavior of a species?
What is the purpose of primate field studies?
Who are Jane Goodall and Dian Fossey, and what is the significance of their research?
What is the definition of culture? Describe the behaviors exhibited by chimps, gorillas, orangutans, and monkeys that signify tool use and “culture”.
Created by: satnam
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