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History Chp. 13
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Empress Wu Zhao | First woman empress; took control herself; guided China through one of the most brilliant periods |
| Li Yuan | First Tang emperor; son urged him to lead a revolt and gain control when Sui dynasty began to crumble; 8 yrs. later son took over |
| Tang Taizong(Li Shimin) | Son of Li Yuan; one of China's most admired emperors |
| Tributary states | States remained independent except their rulers had to acknowledge Chinese supremacy and send regular tribute to the Tang emperor |
| Governement | Tang rulers helped rebuild the bureaucracy and enlarged civil service system to recruit talented officials in Confucian philosophy |
| Land reform | Broke up large agricultural holdings and redistributed the land to the peasants |
| Canals | System of canals were built; big important one= the Grand Canal |
| Song Dynasty | Reunited much of China under scholarly general; lasted longer than the Tang; faced threat of invaders; Chinese economy expanded; foreign trade |
| Chinese society | 1. Emperor 2. Gentry 3. Peasants 4. Merchants |
| Gentry | Wealthy landowning class; |
| Peasants | Worked land, lived on what they produced; produced handicrafts; could move up in society through education |
| Merchants | Some acquired vast wealth; lower status than peasants because riches came from labor of others |
| Women | Higher status in Tang than Song; called upon to run family affairs, managed family and servant finances; could not keep dowry, never remarry; late Song times = footbinding- feet bound with long strips of cloth; tiny feet were signs of nobility and beauty |
| The arts | Poetry , painting and calligraphy=very important; painting big with Daoism; porcelain was also made =China |
| Pagodas | Multi storied temple with eaves that curve up at the corners; Buddhist temples |