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APWH Chapter 8
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Where was the Silk Road network located? | Eurasia |
| What is one of the main reasons for the exchange of goods? | Coastlands and highlands, steppes and farmlands, islands and mainlands, valleys and mountains, deserts and forests- each generates different products that the others want |
| What are some examples of societies that were able to monopolize. | Silk in China, certain spices in Southeast Asia. |
| During 500-1500 long distance trade became? | more important than ever before, by linking and shaping distant societies and peoples. |
| Where was the Silk Road network located? | Eurasia |
| What is one of the main reasons for the exchange of goods? | Coastlands and highlands, steppes and farmlands, islands and mainlands, valleys and mountains, deserts and forests- each generates different products that the others want |
| What are some examples of societies that were able to monopolize. | Silk in China, certain spices in Southeast Asia. |
| During 500-1500 long distance trade became? | more important than ever before, by linking and shaping distant societies and peoples. |
| What were the Silk Roads? | land-based trade routes linking pastoral and agricultural peoples as well as large civilizations |
| Why did the Han dynasty in China extend its authority westward? | it was seeking to control the nomadic xiongnu and to gain access to the "heavenly horses" that were important to the Chinese military |
| What made silk such a highly desired commodity across Eurasia? | In China and the Byzantine Empire silk became a symbol of high status and in Central Asia silk was used as a currency and as a means of accumulating wealth |
| Soon after, silk became associated with the sacred in the expanding world religions of? | Buddhism and Christianity |
| Why did Buddhist monks in China receive purple robes from the Tang dynasty emperors? | as a sign of high honor |
| In the world of Christendom, who did they trade with to get silk? | The Islamic world |
| The Silk Roads had important economic and social consequences, which led to the peasants in the Yangzi River delta of southern China having to do what? | give up the cultivation of food crops, choosing to focus instead on pr |
| Soon after, silk became associated with the sacred in the expanding world religions of? | Buddhism and Christianity |
| Why did Buddhist monks in China receive purple robes from the Tang dynasty emperors? | as a sign of high honor |
| In the world of Christendom, who did they trade with to get silk? | The Islamic world |
| The Silk Roads had important economic and social consequences, which led to the peasants in the Yangzi River delta of southern China having to do what? | give up the cultivation of food crops, choosing to focus instead on producing silk, paper, porcelain, lacquerware, or iron tools |
| A twelfth century Persian merchant, Ramisht made a personal fortune how? | From his long-distance trading business and with his profits purchased an enormously expensive silk covering for Kaaba, the central shrine of Islam in Mecca. |
| What was an even more important aspect of the Silk Roads, than the economic impact? | their role as a conduit of culture |
| What religion spread widely throughout Central and East Asia, owing much to the activities of merchants along the Silk Roads? | Buddhism |
| To the west, what largely blocked the spread of Buddhism? | Persian Zoroastrianism |
| Well-to-do Buddhist merchants could earn what by building monasteries and supporting monks? | Religious merits |
| What was a major obstacle to the penetration of a highly literate religion among the pastoral peoples? | the absence of a written religion |
| Who was the nomadic Jie people's ruler in the early fourth century? | Shi Le |
| Shi Le became acquainted with a Buddhist monk called? | Fotudeng |
| In China itself Buddhism remained for many centuries...? | a religion of foreign merchants or foreign rulers |
| Buddhism spread across the Silk Roads to where? | India to Central Asia, China, and beyond |
| As Buddhism spread what did it do? | It changed |
| What form of Buddhism did they follow more, the Mahayana or the Theravada? | Mahayana, featuring Buddha as a deity, numerous Bodhisattvas, an emphasis on compassion, and the possibility of earning a merit |
| As Buddhism was spread and it changed, it also? | picked up other cultures |
| Beyond foods and cultures, what also traveled along the trade routes of Eurasia? | diseases |
| What diseases affected the Roman Empire and the Han dynasty? | Smallpox and the measles |
| The diseases that affected the Roman Empire and the Han dynasty led to...? | their political collapse |
| The disasters of the diseases strengthened what religions? | Christianity in Europe, Buddhism in China |
| Why did Buddhism and Christianity strengthen during the disasters of the diseases? | both of them offered compassion in the face of immense suffering |
| The most well-known dissemination of disease was associated with what empire? | the Mongol Empire |
| The era of intensified interaction associated with the Mongol Empire, facilitated...? | the spread of the Black Death |
| What made Indian Ocean commerce possible? | monsoons |
| The tempo of the Indian Ocean commerce picked up in the era of the classical civilizations during the early centuries of the Common Era, as mariners learned to? | ride the monsoons |
| Merchants from where, established settlements in southern India and along the East- African coast? | Merchants from the Roman Empire, mostly Greeks, Syrians, and Jews |
| What two major processes changes the landscape of the Afro-Eurasian world and wove the web of Indian Ocean exchange, more densely than before? | One was the economic and political revival of China, The second was in the world of the Indian Ocean commerce involved the sudden rise of Islam in the 7th century |
| Oceanic commerce transformed all of its participants in one way or another, but nowhere more so than in? | Southeast Asia and East Africa |
| Small ports along the Malay Peninsula and the coast of Sumatra, began attracting numerous travelers, and from the competition, emerged? | the Malay kingdom of Srivijaya |
| Srivijaya dominated the commerce of the Indian Ocean, during 670- 1025 because of? | its plentiful supply of gold, its access to the source of highly sought-after spices, such as cloves, nutmeg, and mace; and the taxes levied on passing ships |
| Srivijaya was not the only part of Southeast Asia to be influenced by the Indian culture, what other kingdom was also influenced? | The Sailendra kingdom in central Java |
| On the other side of the Indian Ocean, the transformative processes of long-distance trade were likewise at work, giving rise to an East African civilization known as? | Swahili |
| What were some aspects of the earlier ancestors of Swahili ? | lived in small farming and fishing communities, spoke Bantu languages, and traded with Arabian, Greek, and Roman merchants |
| What sharply divided the Swahili cities from their African neighbors to the west? | Islam |
| In addition to the Silk Roads and the Sea Roads, another important pattern of long-distance trade was? | Sand Roads |
| A major turning point in African commercial life occurred with the introduction of what, to North Africa and the Sahara? | The camel |
| Camel-owning dwellers of desert oases initiated what type of commerce? | Trans-Saharan commerce |
| The most active and dense networks of communication and exchange in the Americas lay within? | Mesoamerica and the Andes |
| Unlike the Aztec Empire, economic exchange in what empire, during the 15th century was a state-run operation? | Andean Inca Empire |
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1213brookisaacs
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