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Chapter 19 Vocab
Key Terms and People
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| scientific theory that has the earth as the center of the universe with the sun and the stars revolving around it | Geocentric theory |
| a transformation in European thought in the 1500s and 1600s that called for scientific observation, experimentation, and the questioning of traditions | Scientific revolution |
| a method of inquiry that promotes observing, measuring, explaining, and verifying as a way to gain scientific knowledge | Scientific method |
| French philosopher, mathematician, and scientist; his belief that all things should be doubted until they could be proved by reason became one of the underpinnings of the scientific method | Rene Descartes |
| Polish astronomer; he proposed the heliocentric, or sun-centered, theory of the universe | Nicolaus Copernicus |
| Scientific theory that has the sun as the center of the universe with the earth rotating around it | Heliocentric theory |
| Italian astronomer, mathematician, and physicist; he discovered the law of motion of falling objects and invented the first working telescope | Galileo Galilei |
| English Mathematician and natural philosopher; he discovered the law of gravity as well as laws on the physics of objects | Issac Newton |
| a time of optimism and possibility from the late 1600s to the late 1700s; also called the Age of Reason | Enlightenment |
| gatherings in which intellectual and political ideas were exchanged during the enlightenment | salons |
| an agreement between a people and their government, stating that people would give up some of their freedom and in return, their government would provide them with peace, security, and order | social contract |
| English philosopher and founder of British empiricism; he developed political and economic theories during the enlightenment; he wrote "Two Treaties on Government" | John Locke |
| Swiss-French political philosopher; he valued the social contract and addressed the nature of man in his work 'On the Origin of Inequality" | Jean-Jacques Rousseau |
| French jurist and political philosopher; he explored democratic theories of government; he proposed a government divided into three branches and greatly influenced the United States constitution | Baron de Montesquieu |
| philosophers of the enlightenment | philosophes |
| french philosopher and author; he was a supporter of Deism, the idea that God was no longer involved in the universe after creating it | Voltaire |
| the absolute monarchs in 18 century Europe who ruled according to the principles of the Enlightenment | Enlightened despots |
| a law passed by the British Parliament that raised tax money by requiring colonist to pay for an official stamp whenever they bought paper items | Stamp act |
| American statesman; third President of the U.S.; he was a member of two continental congresses, chairman of the committee to draft the Declaration of Independence, the main author of the Declaration of Independence and one of its signers | Thomas Jefferson |
| American statesman; he was a philosopher, scientist, inventor, writer, publisher, first U.S. postmaster, and member of the committee to draft the Declaration of Independence | Benjamin Franklin |
| 1st president of the U.S.; he commanded the continental army during the revolutionary war and served a a representative to the continental congress | George Washington |
| The agreement that officially ended the American Revolution and established British recognition of the independence of the United States | Treaty of Paris |
| American Statesman; he was a delegate to the constitutional convention and the fourth President of the U.S.; he's known as the father of the constitution | James Madison |
| a system of government in which power is divided between a central, or a federal, government and individual states | federal system |
Created by:
JoeyReid
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