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Ch8:Commerce/Culture
Chapter 8 Flashcards
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is one of the earliest examples of capitalism? | The Silk Road |
| What motivates exchange? | The need for goods and resources. |
| Why was long-distance trade so important? | It linked and shaped distant societies and peoples. |
| How did trade change jobs? | Most people were encouraged to to produce particular products that could be sold in markets. |
| Why were traders a distinct social group? | They could became wealthy without really having to produce anything themselves. |
| How was political life impacted by trade? | They could control and tax trade. |
| Other than goods, what else did merchants bring with them? | Religious ides, technological innovations, diseases, and plants and animals. |
| How was the Silk Road 'relay trade'? | Goods were passed down the line, changing hands many times before it reached its final destination. |
| Who laid the foundation of the idea of the Silk Roads? | Nomads who traveled around on horse-back. |
| What was a reason the Silk roads were created? | Classical civilizations were getting larger and needed more resources. |
| Silk Road trading networks prospered when what happened? | When large, powerful states provided security for merchants and travelers. |
| Most often, items that made their way across the Silk Roads were for whom? | The elite and wealthy. |
| Who held the monopoly on silk-producing technology? | China |
| What other countries learned how to produce silk? | India, Persia, Korea, and Japan. |
| In China, silk was associated with? | The Elite |
| How did the Silk Roads affect peasants? | Many gave up the production of their food crops to produce items that could be traded on the roads. |
| What religion was most carried along the Silk Roads? | Buddhism, many traders were Buddhist. |
| Rich, Buddhist merchants could earn religious merit by? | Building monasteries and supporting monks. |
| Why did nomadic people never popularize Buddhism amongst themselves? | They moved too often and there wasn't written Buddhist teaching that they could read. |
| How did the Silk Roads change Buddhist monasteries? | The monasteries became very lavish and wealthy. |
| How did the Silk Roads change Buddhism? | Mahayana became more popular intsead of Theravada. |
| Beyond goods and cultures, what else traveled Eurasia? | Diseases, where most cities had no immunities to outside sicknesses. |
| The Roman Empire and Han Dynasty were both affected by what diseases? | Small pox and measles, which contributed to their collapse. |
| What disease encompassed China to Europe? | The Black Plague |
| Disease carried by long distance trade not only affected individuals but... | It altered their historical development. |
| Why did natives of the Americas have little immunity to Eurasian diseases? | No domestic animals, less interaction with others due to their isolation. |
| What bodies of water were used in various forms of sea roads? | Indian Ocean, Red and Black Seas, Atlantic coast, and the Mediterranean basin. |
| In the postclassical era what represented the world's largest sea-based system of trade? | The Indian Ocean. (southern China to east Africa) |
| What made Indian ocean commerce possible? | Monsoons |
| What were 'archipelago towns'? | Towns with merchants who had a lot in common. |
| What kind of things were spread to other places with Indian Ocean commerce? | Various writing forms, gold, ivory, frankincense, slaves, language, and crops. |
| How did sea commerce become more popular? | When sailors learned how to travel by the monsoons. |
| What port served as the largest in this growing sea-based commerce? | India |
| What technological innovations did the Chinese introduce to the Indian Ocean exchange? | Bigger ships and the magnetic compass. |
| Why did Islam become popular with merchants? | Islam was friendly to commercial life and Muhammad was a merchant himself. |
| In what ways did trade affect peoples of all religions? | A Jew would trade with a Muslim and so on. There was more interaction. |
| In this time period what was the largest, most practiced religion? | Islam |
| How did trade impact Southeast Asia and East Africa? | In both, it stimulated political change, they gained wealth from commerce, and cities experinced cultural trade. |
| What was the Malay kingdom of Srivijaya? | A huge point of Indian Ocean trade. |
| What was Srivijaya culture mostly influenced by? | India. |
| What is Borobudur? | A huge Buddhist monumental built in central Java. |
| What is 'Indianization'? | Civilizations who involuntarily adopt India culture and traditions. |
| What was Swahili's main importance? | It was a set of commercial city-states stretching all long the East Africa coast. |
| Before Swahili became invested in trade, what did their ancestors do to provide from themselves? | They fished and farmed. |
| How were Swahili city-states were similar to Greek city-states? | They were independent, governed by their own king, and feuded with their neighbors. |
| Swahili was a place for... | merchants. |
| What religion ruled in Swahili? | Islam |
| What was another southeast African city-state that came about that favored Swahili? | Zimbabwe |
| What was another form of long distance trade, besides the Sea and Silk roads? | The Sand Roads. |
| What civilization was the most well know of the Sand Roads? | Jenne-jeno |
| What changed African commercial life? | The camel. |
| What kind of products came from the Sahara? | Gold, ivory, kola nuts, slaves, horses, cloth, and salt. |
| The Sahara soon became? | A major international trade route. |
| Long distance trade in the Sahara provided what? | Incentive and resources for the construction of new and larger political structures. |
| Civilizations that were made from the trans-Saharan exchange were... | monarchies and drew upon the wealth of the trans-Saharan trade. |
| In West Africa what did male slaves do? | They were state officials, porters, craftsmen, miners, and farmers. |
| The slaves from West Africa were traded along? | The Sahara. |
| Many cities in Sudanic Africa developed substantial urban and commercial centers where... | traders congregated and goods were exchanged. |
| Why wasn't there a lot of direct connection between civilizations in Mesoamerica? | There wasn't a way to travel and the geography made it difficult. |
Created by:
1213RachelBlair
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