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PreColumbian
History
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What does the term Pre-Columbian mean? | Before Columbus |
| List the 3 theories of how humans came to America. | Land Bridge Theory and Early Arrival Theory and The Origin Theory. |
| Explain Land Bridge Theory | 12,000 years ago during the last ice age between Alaska and Asia Bering Straight. (Bering=Land) People crossed following their food. |
| Explain Early Arrival Theory | 30,000 years ago. They think people came by boat. They found artifacts that are very old. |
| Explain The Origin Theory | Native Americans believe that their God placed them in the right place. |
| What was the skill that allowed humans to be able to create civilization? | Farming |
| When did the Battle of Wounded Knee take place? | December 29, 1890 |
| Where did the Battle of Wounded Knee | South Dakota |
| Why did the Battle of Wounded Knee occur? | Fear of the Ghost Dance Religion and possible attacks upon white settlements |
| What groups were involved with the Wounded Knee Battle? | Lakota Sioux and Seventh Cavalry |
| Who was the leader of the native tribe during the Battle of Wounded Knee? | Pine Ridge Lakota Sioux |
| What is the term associated with Battle of Wounded Knee? | Wounded Knee Massacre |
| Who are the ancestors of the modern day Pueblo Indians? | The Anasazi |
| In the Origin Story of the Moundbuilders, what did the sun ask for? | a feather |
| What are the 3 rules set down by the Mound Builders ruler? | 1)Never kill except protecting yourself. 2)Don't know any woman, but your own. 3)Never steal. |
| What are the bodies of water that surround Central America? | 1) Gulf of Mexico 2)Caribbean 3)Pacific |
| Who were the Mayan's ancestors? | The Aztecs |
| From whom do experts believe Mayas borrowed their writing from? | Olmecs |
| What are Mayan pictures called? | Glyphs |
| List the 5 Mayan social classes. | 1) Halach Uini = Highest social level were priests 2)Batabs 3)Administrative Assistants, Councillors, and Constables. 4)Low Level Bureaucrats (government officials), Merchants, and Artisans. 5)Peasants 6)(Slaves) |
| At what age did the Mayan marry? | Girls generally married around age 14 or 15 and boys at age 18. |
| Where did Mayan girls live prior to being married? | Mayan girls lived with her parents, mastering the skills of maintaining a household and caring for a family. |
| Where did Mayan boys live prior to being married? | Mayan boys lived communally (several people living together) learning crafts and warfare. Boys painted themselves black to show their bachelor status and spent a lot of time with their fathers. |
| Explain the steps for marriage for the Mayan. | 1)matchmaker to help negotiate the bride price. 2)Hut built and filled with needed goods. The priest would build a fire and leave them to sit on wedding day. 3)Family celebrates. No honeymoon and could divorce. |
| Where did Mayans believe illness came from? | Evil spirits or disfavor from the gods. |
| Describe the steps if someone was dying. | 1) Call a priest if sick. 2)Priest predicts how long to live. 3)A maize dough and jade in the dead person mouth (food & money). 4)Body painted red and wrapped and then buried under the floor of the home. 5)Mourned silently. |
| What did the Mayans believe after death if someone lived a good life? | If a person had a good life then they would also afterlife. Died in childbirth, battle, sacrificed, or suicide were honored & reached the highest level of the afterlife. |
| What did the Mayans believe after death if someone lived a not so good life? | Those who lived a not so good life or hurt others or stolen or committed crimes were sentenced to eternity at the lowest level of the afterlife. |
| What made the Maya beautiful? | 1) Slanted foreheads 2)Cross-eyed 3)Sharpened and cover teeth with precious stones. 4)Tattoo their faces (Nobles) 5)Broke their nose. 6)Put holes in their ears, lips and skin for ornaments. 7)Extended their earlobes. *all like plastic |
| What did the Peasants Mayan men wear? | They wore very little - woven lioncloth, deer-hide sandles, and a cloak knotted around their shoulders. |
| What did Peasant Mayan women wear? | They wore a slip and a sack-like garment of white cloth with holes for their neck and arms. They wore long cotton scarves. |
| What did the upper class Mayan women wear? | They wore beautiful woven cotton and decorative bright dyed embroidery. |
| What did the upper class Mayan men wear? | They wore lioncloth decorated with feathers, jaguar skin, and embroidery. Their cloaks were made of fine material. |
| What did the highest rank Mayan wear? | Headdresses were worn by the highest ranked made of quetzal (bird) feathers and made of wooden frame. Sometimes higher than the man wearing it. Fancy jewelry, hairstyles, and painted bodies. |
| What did the different body paint symbolize? | 1) Warriors wore red & black body paint. 2)Priests wore blue body paint. 3)Teenagers wore black paint. 4)Prisoners wore black & white paint. |
| What was the primary purpose of the Maya playing pok-a-tok? | To win favor with the gods. (Similar to racquet ball, soccer, basketball, and volleyball). |
| Describe what it was like to play pok-a-tok. | To try and score by putting the ball through the ring, while keeping the ball in motion. There was no timeouts or breaks. Continue to play until the game was over. |
| Describe how the winners of pok-a-tok were rewarded and what happened to the losers. | Priets would coach the professional athletes. Players were very popular and their pictures were painted on pottery & walls. Player that scored would claim clothing & jewelry. Losers were sacrificed to appease the gods. |
| What were the theories about what happened to the Maya? | 1) Natural disaster (earth quakes, volcano or fire or flood) 2)Invasion (war) 3)Disease |
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