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E.O. Test 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Who presented ideas that the people have natural rights and government has an obligation to those it governs? | Locke |
| Who wrote Leviathan and presented the concept of the social contract? | Hobbes |
| Who wrote the Wealth of Nations and argued that the free market should be allowed to regulate business? | Smith |
| Who wrote Spirit of the Laws and introduced ideas of separation of powers and checks and balances? | Montesquieu |
| Who wrote The Social Contract and advocated the will of the majority and the common good? | Rousseau |
| Who was the leader of the Roundheads in the English Civil War? | Cromwell |
| Who was the French monarch who built a palace at Versailles? | Louis XIV |
| Who was the English monarch who encouraged sea captains to plunder Spanish treasure ships? | Elizabeth I |
| Who was the Prussian monarch who used the army to strengthen the nation's power? | Frederick the Great |
| Who was the Spanish monarch who advanced Catholic power throughout the world? | Philip II |
| Who was the Russian monarch who carried out social and economic reforms to modernize the country? | Peter the Great |
| France's economy was supported by which estate who paid taxes? | Third Estate |
| What was result of the English Civil War? | Charles I put on trial and executed by Parliament |
| What were the goals of the Congress of Vienna? | Ensure peace, restore monarchies, create a balance of power |
| What document was signed that limited the power of the monarch in England? | English Bill of Rights |
| Which two countries became independent as a result of the Thirty Years' War? | Netherlands and Switzerland |
| Peter the Great forced Russians to accept social reforms that would make them more like what people? | Western Europeans |
| What caused the period of unrest after 1815? | Opposing ideologies |
| How did the Age of Napoleon affect Europe? | Napoleon's conquests spread many of the ideals of the French Revolution |
| In the late 1500s, France was torn apart by religious wars between Catholics and which group? | Huguenots |
| During the 1700s, which two countries battled for control of the German states? | Prussia and Austria |
| What was Robespierre's goal during the Reign of Terror? | Crush all opposition to the French Revolution |
| What did the Declaration of the Rights of Man declare? | All men were born free and equal in rights |
| The American Declaration of Independence reflects the ideas of which Enlightened thinker? | Locke |
| How did the Napoleonic Code reflect Enlightenment principles? | Guaranteed equality of all citizens before the law |
| Thinkers during the Age of Reason challenged the social order by calling for a just society based on what? | Reason |
| What happened at the Battle of Waterloo? | Napoleon was defeated, he abdicated and was forced into exile |
| What was the impact of Enlightenment ideas? | They encouraged revolutions around the world |
| Which group dominated social and political life in Latin America? | Peninsulares |
| How did the Constitution of the United States reflect the ideas of Enlightenment thinkers? | It viewed government as a social contract and created an elected government |
| How did Louis XIV strengthen royal power? | Expanded the bureaucracy, strengthened the French army, and followed mercantilist policies to boost the economy |
| What sparked widespread rebellion in Latin America in the early 1800s? | Napoleon's invasion of Spain |
| What is the goal of nationalists? | Establish a homeland for people with a common heritage |
| What was the goal of conservatives in the early 1800s? | Restore power to royal families |
| What was divided into many small states as a result of the Thirty Years' War? | Germany |
| Which group generally supported nationalist goals? | Ethnic groups |
| During the 1600s, power of the British monarchy was limited by which group? | Parliament |