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history chap 4
History Chapter 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Mare Nostrum | Roman name for the Mediterranean; "our sea" |
| Etruscans | Established one of Italy's earliest civilization |
| League of the Seven Hills | seven Latin villages formed a league |
| Romulus and Remus | founders of Rome |
| pater | father of a roman household |
| clan | number of families from a common ancestor |
| tribe | number of clans united by common beliefs and living in a particular region |
| patricians | aristocratic class |
| plebians | inferior class of common people |
| fasces | bundle of rods with an enclosed axe; symbolized the power of the king |
| 509 B.C. | establishment of the Roman Republic |
| republic | administration of government divided among three governing branches |
| Senate | Most important and most powerful body of the republic |
| plebiscites | resolutions made by the Council of Plebians |
| tribune | 10 men elected by the Council of Plebians to protect the rights and interests of the common people |
| Veto | "I forbid"; power of tribunes to stop unjust acts of partician officials |
| Roman Forum | city's center of government |
| Law of Twelve Tables | foundation of Roman civil law |
| 287 B.C. | plebians gain more power through Tribal Assembly |
| Tribal Assembly | Plebian assembly that helped Plebians gain power |
| Pyrrhus | Aided Greeks against Rome; "Pyrrhic victory" |
| Punic War | Rivalry between Carthage and Rome |
| Hannibal | Second Punic War; Carthaginian commander; used elephants |
| publicans | tax collectors; corruption of government |
| Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus | champions of the poor; land reforms; both killed |
| Marius | champoin of the poor; famed military leader; formed a "professional" army that fought for gain not for country |
| Sulla | general sympathetic towards the Senate; started a civil war, won, and had himself appointed dictator |
| Crassus and Pompey | commanders of Sulla's army who fought against each other for fame and power |
| Julius Caesar | popular with the common people |
| triumvirate | alliance between Crassus, Pompey,and Caesar |
| March, 44 B.C. | Ides of March; assassination of Julius Caesar |
| 31 B.C. | Octavian's defeat of Antony and Cleopatra |
| imperator | ancient title given to the commander of a victorious army |
| First Punic war | fought over Sicily; Carthage v. Rome |
| Second Punic war | Hannibal-Carthage; Scipio-Rome; Cannae, Zama; elephants |
| Third Punic War | Cato-Rome; Final takeover of Carthage |
| First civil war | Marius-Plebians; Sulla-Senate |
| Second civil war | Pompey-Senate; Caesar-poor people; Crassus |
| Third Civil war | Octavian v. Marc Antony and Cleopatra |
| Appian Way | Famous Roman Road |
Created by:
emnestor
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