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Chapter 18 Vocab
Key Terms and People
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A ruler that has unlimited power and authority over his or her people | Absolute Monarch |
| The belief that a ruler's authority comes directly from God | Divine right |
| King of Spain from 1519 to 1558, he created wars because he opposed Protestant reformation | Charles V |
| An agreement between states in the Holy Roman Empire that gave each German prince the right to decide whether his state would be Catholic or Protestant | Peace of Augsburg |
| King of Spain, Naples, and Portugal; he led Roman Catholic efforts to recover parts of Europe from Protestantism | Philip II |
| Greek painter in Spain; chiefly religious in nature, his works express the spirit of the counter, or Catholic, reformation | El Greco |
| Spanish painter; he painted in a realistic style but also worked in impressionism towards the end of his career | Diego Velazquez |
| Spanish novelist, dramatist, and poet | Miguel de Cervantes |
| Mexican nun and poet; she wrote poetry, prose, and plays | Sister Juana Ines de la Cruz |
| A great fleet assembled by Spain in 1588 for an invasion of England | Spanish Armada |
| A french Protestant | Huguenot |
| August 24, 1572; a massacre of 6,000 to 8,000 Huguenots in Paris authorized by King Charles IX and his mother Catherine de Medici | Saint Bartholomew's day Massacre |
| King of France from 1589 to 1610 he issued the Edict of Nantes | Henry IV |
| A declaration of French King Henry IV in which he promised that Protestants could live peacefully in France and were free to establish houses of worship in selected French cities | Edict of Nantes |
| King of France from 1610 to 1643 | Louis XIII |
| French minister and chief minister of King Louis XIII; he wanted to strengthen monarchy and fought against Huguenot resistance to the Catholic monarchy | Cardinal Richelieu |
| King of France from 1643 to 1715, he built the palace at Versailles | Louis XIV |
| War fought over the Spanish throne | War of the Spanish Succession |
| Treaty that ended the war of the Spanish Succession | Treaty of Utrecht |
| English Protestants of the late 1500s and most of the 1600s who wanted to purify the church of England through reforms | Puritans |
| King of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 1625 to 1649; his conflict with Parliament started the English Civil War. | Charles I |
| Supporters of government by a monarch; used as a name for supporters of England's King Charles I | Royalists |
| Lord protector of England; in 1642 he led Parliament's forces in deposing King Charles I; he became ruler of England in 1653 | Oliver Cromwell |
| A Republican Government based on the common good of all the people | Commonwealth |
| The period of the reign of Charles II in England when the monarchy was restored after the collapse of Oliver Cromwell's government | Restoration |
| King of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 1660 to 1685 and eldest so of King Charles I; he was asked by Parliament to rule England after the death of Oliver Cromwell | Charles II |
| King William III and Queen Mary II, rulers of Great Britain who replaced King James II as a result of the Glorious Revolution | William and Mary |
| A nonviolent revolution in which leaders of Britain's Parliament invited Mary, daughter of King James II, and her husband, the Dutch ruler William of Orange, to replace King James II | Glorious Revolution |
| A monarchy limited by certain laws | Constitutional Monarchy |
| Wealthy Russian landowners | Boyars |
| Caesar the title taken by the ruler of Russia | Czar |
| Grand Duke of Russia and the first Russian ruler to assume the title of czar; he instituted a campaign of terror against disfavored boyars | Ivan IV |
| Czar of Russia from 1682 to 1725; he transformed Russia into a modern state | Peter the Great |
| The adoption of the culture and ideas of western society, namely Europe and America | Westernization |
| Czarina of Russia from 1762 to 1796; ruling with absolute power, she introduce a number of reforms that extended peter the great's policy of westernization | Catherine the Great |
| A conflict in Europe that began in Prague as a Protestant rebellion against the Holy Roman Empire | Thirty Years' War |
| Treaty ending the Thirty Years' War | Treaty of Westphalia |
| Austrian archduchess, queen of Bohemia and Hungary from 1740 to 1780; she took the throne after the war of the Austrian succession | Maria Theresa |
| King of Prussia from 1740 to 1786 | Frederick the Great |
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