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APWH Chapter 5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What three major schools of thought emerged from the Wrring States period? | Legalism, Daoism, Confucianism |
| What was Legalism associated with? | Han Feizi |
| What were two aspects of Legalism? | Strictly enforced rules or laws, based on rewards and punishments |
| What major school of thought seen farmers and soldiers as neccessary and merchants, artists, and scholars as useless? | Legalism |
| Who was Confucianism associated with? | Confucius (written in The Antalects) |
| What were two aspects of Confucianism? | Not laws and punishments, but the moral example of superiors was the key, If superior person is sincere and benevolent, inferior will be obedient and vice versa |
| What major philosophical movement had five basic relationships (ruler/subject, husband/wife, father/son, older brother/younger brother, teacher/student? | Confuciansim |
| What did Confucianism think of education and the arts? | Loved them |
| What was Daoism associated with? | Laozi, author of Daodejing, "The Way and Its Power" |
| What was Daoism based on? | individualistic (remove self from world), Don't need gov or education, work to be one of nature and improve self from the inside |
| Ehy is Confucianism a philosophy rather than a "supernatural religion"? | Deals w/ here and now, not supernatural Focuses on "ren"- goodness of heart, god did not help you build ren, you bulit it yourself |
| Confucius did not deny spirituality, but said you shoul live your life how? | as if spirits do exist and there is a universal moral character standard |
| What are three ways Hinduism differed from other world religions? | No founder, based on caste system, Hinduism is made up word of from outsiders |
| How are moshka, karma, and reincarnation connected? | Moshka- many lifetimes Reincarnation- many bodies, one soul Karma- good life, higher caste and vice versa |
| What is one way Buddhism and Hinduism are similar? | Both believe that life is all pain and suffering |
| In what ways did Buddhism reflect Hinduism? | mediation, karma rebirth, life is an illusion, release from reincarnation |
| What were some of the differences between Hinduism and Buddhism? | Hinduism had small creation stories and several gods, Buddhists did not, In Buddhism Brahmins don't matter, in Buddhism caste don't matter |
| Who was Buddha? | Siddhartha Gautama, rich prince, saw poor sick and dead man, realizes life is all pain and suffering, 8 weeks in meditation, arises as Buddha (enlightened one) |
| What were the two types of Buddhism? | Theravada and Mahayana |
| Name is 2 important aspects of Theravada Buddhists. | Thinks Buddha was a super smart man, but not a god, the only way to see reality is by hours of meditation each day |
| What is 2 important aspects of Mahayana Buddhists? | Has an idea of heaven, hell, tons of gods, Bodhisattvas (God-like) delayed nirvana to help regular people |
| What is one reason Buddhism declined in India? | new form of Hinduism (Reformed Hinduism) |
| What is two things that a revived Hinduism indicated? | Like Mahayana Buddhism, in that doing the right thing and worshiping gods can get one to Brahman, changed b/c lost followers to Buddhism |
| What religious path was also becoming increasingly prominent in Hinduism? | Bhakti(worship) of gods and goddesses - popular gods: Vishnu(protector), Shiva(destroyer) |
| What religion was Ahura Mazda a part of? | Zoroastrianism |
| Explain the relationship between Ahura Mazda and Angra Mainyu. | Ahura Mazda - good god Angra Mainyu - mean god They fight, Mazda wins with the help of the final Savior (Zorastra)who makes world safe. |
| If you sided with Mazda what happened? | eternal paradise (like heaven in Christianity) |
| If you sided with Mainyu what happened? | eternal punishment (like hell in Christianity) |
| What aspects of Zoroastrianism and Judaism subsequently found a place in Christianity and Islam? | Good god, evil god last judgment Resurrected bodies Good vs. Bad war with Good winning |
| What Zoroastrian aspects influenced Christianity and Islam? | Heaven, hell, savior |
| What Jewish aspects influenced Christianity and Islam? | One God, Transcendent(He is everywhere all of the time, sees everything), wants people to be good more than sacrifices to him |
| What are two facts about Zoroastrianism? | First monotheistic religion, Founded by prophet Zarathustra |
| What were two distinctive aspects about the Jewish religious tradition? | Single god, Yahweh Covenant (contract) w/ Yahweh, keep the contract= become His chosen people |
| How did Judaism start? | Hebrew ppl, Recorded in the Old Testament (first 5 books), founded by Abraham |
| Who are some important Greek Philosophers? | Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Thales, Pythagoras, Hippocrates |
| Who was the first great philosopher in Athens? | Socrates |
| What did the earliest classical Greek thinkers have in common? | Need to explain world naturally without using religion, dead now |
| After the 12th century C.E., how was the Greek legacy viewed? | Thought as start of "Western" civilization, copied and spread by Romans, Philosophy influenced Christian mortality (idea of love your neighbor) |
| What are two differences between Buddha and Jesus? | Buddha- born rich, not about supernatural Jesus- carpenter from poor family, performed miracles |
| What are two similarities between Jesus and Buddha? | Mystics- some kind of idea what truth is Taught renunciation of wealth (money makes you less complete) |
| How did Christianity become the Roman religion? | Romans killed Christians, (one being Jesus), Constantine say red cross in the sky and became a Christian, Theodosius made Christianity the Roman religion |
| What happened after Muslims take over Constantinople? | they find all the Greek stuff from the Byzantine Empire |
| Catholic Church originally saw Greeks as what? | barbarians (idol worshipers) |
| What was the earliest religious texts of India that were transmitted orally before written down is called? | Vedas |
| Who were Brahmins? | the priestly caste of India (top of caste) |
| Define Upanishads. | Indian mystical and philosophical works, written between 800 to 400 B.C.E. |
| What is the term for the "World Soul" or final reality in upanishadic Hindu belief? | Brahman |
| What does the term Atman mean? | The human soul, in Hindu belief seeks union with Brahman |
| The honoring of one's ancestors and parents, a key element of Confucianism, is known as? | Filial piety |
| The term for the end goal of Buddhism (state of serenity and great compassion) is? | Nirvana |
| Who was Zarathustra? | a Persian prophet, founded Zoroastrianism |
| Who was Thales? | A Greek natural philosopher noted for his application of reason to astronomy |
| Who was Pythagoras? | Greek philosopher, mathematical |
| Who was Hippocrates? | Greek medical theorist, regarded as father of medicine |
| Who was a disciple of Socrates who recorded behind Socrates back, know for his Dialogues? | Plato |
| Who was Aristotle? | a Greek math philosopher, student of Plato, teacher of Alexander the Great |
| Who was the first great populizer of Christianity, converted from Judaism along the road of Damascus? | Saint Paul |
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1213brookisaacs
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