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Chp. 5 AP World
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Filial Piety? | honoring of one's ancestors and parents, key element of Confucianism |
| Vedas? | earliest religious texts of India, collection of ancient poems, hymns, and rituals that were transmitted orally before being written down |
| Brahmins? | priestly caste of India |
| Upanishads? | Indian mystical and philosophical works |
| Brahman? | "World Soul" or final reality in upanishadic Hindu belief |
| Atman? | human soul, in classic Hindu belief seeks union with Brahmin |
| Siddhartha Gautama? | The Buddha - Indian prince turned ascetic who founded Buddhism |
| Nirvana? | end goal of Buddhism, in which individual identity is extinguished into a state of serenity and great compassion |
| Bhagavad Gita? | great Hindu epic text, part of the much larger Mahabharata which affirms the performance of caste duties as a path to religious liberation |
| Zarathustra? | Persian prophet, who founded Zoroastrianism |
| Socrates? | first great Greek philosopher to turn rationalism towards questions of human existence |
| Thales? | Greek natural philosopher, astronomy, questioning of fundamental nature of the universe |
| Pythagoras? | major Greek philosopher, believed that an unchanging mathematical order underlies the apparent chaos of the world |
| Hippocrates? | Greek medical theorist, father of medicine |
| Plato? | disciple of Socrates, "Dialogues" convey teachings of his master |
| Aristotle? | Greek polymath philosopher; student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great |
| Saint Paul? | first great populizer of Christianity; converted of Judaism along the road of Damascus |
| What were three major schools of thought that emerged from the Warring States period? | Legalism, Confucianism, Daosim |
| Legalism? | associated w/ Han Feizi, strictly enforced rules/laws, based on rewards and punishments, pessimistic view of human nature, farmers & soldiers were necessary b/c they had function, merchants, artists, scholars were useless, inspired Qin reunification CHN |
| Confucianism? | associated with Confucius, moral example of superiors, society made up of unequal relationships, superior sincere and benevolent, inferior will be obedient, five basic relationships, family basis for gov't, loved edu. & arts, edu. key to harmony |
| Daoism? | associated with Laozi, individualistic, remove self from world, become one with nature, don't need a government, don't worry about education, work to improve self from inside |
| Why was Confucianism defined as a "humanistic philosophy"? | deals with here and now, focus on ren, Confucius didn't deny spirituality, live as if spirits do exist and that there is an universal moral character standard |
| Ren? | goodness of heart, God doesn't help with ren, you build it within yourself |
| How did classical Hinduism differ from other world religions? | no founder, not missionary, not one tradition, Hinduism made up word from outsiders, variety of gods, beliefs, and practices, based on caste system |
| How are moksha, karma, and reincarnation connected? | moksha - many lifetimes, reincarnation - many bodies, one soul, karma - good life, higher caste, no one likes being on Earth, goal is Brahman |
| Confucius was also known as what? | Kong Fuzi or King Fuzi |
| All of the classical religions sought alternatves to what? | polythiesm and sacrifices |
| Many religions appeared all at the smae time because of what? | new technology (higher production), empires (contact with others), cities (contact with others) |
| What civilization did the Mandate of Heaven come from? | Zhou |
| What books was associated with Confucius? | Analects, his students wrote them |
| What was Confucius' view on women? | said women should be humble and serve husbands |
| Which female writer wrote the "Lessons for Women"? | Ban Zhao |
| Who was one of the only people who saw Confucianism and Daoism as as complemetary? | the rich in China |
| Which religion influenced the Yellow Turbans to riot? | Daoism |
| Which writings were written in the Indian social language? | Buddhist |
| Which Hindu writings did only the rich know? | Sanskrit |
| Theravada? | "Teaching of the Elders" |
| Mahayana? | "Great Vehicle" |
| Why did Alexander's conquests really kill Zoroastrianism? | many Persians converted to Greek polytheism |
| What religion killed of Zoroastrianism completely? | Islam |
| In "The Republic", who did Plato say should be in charge? | a "Philosopher-king" |
| What are the distinctive features of the Greek intellectual tradition? | focus on arguement and logic, relentless question of recieved wisdom, confidence in human reason, need to figure out world without including gods |
| Philosophy? | love of wisdom |
| Socrates? | questioned everything about world, gov't said he was corrupting youth and sentenced him to death, kills himself night before (hemlock), became a martyr |
| Who did Socrates teach? | Plato |
| Who did Plato teach? | Aristotle |
| Who did Aristotle teach? | Alexander the Great |
| What did the earliest classical Greek thinkers have in common? | they needed to explain the world naturally without using religion, they are all dead now |
| How did Judaism start? | Hebrews, recoreded in the Old Testament (Torah, first five books) founded by Abraham |
| How did Abraham found Judaism? | made covenant with Yahweh, led Jews from Mesopotamia to Palestine (Israel today) |
| After the 12th century CE, how was Greek legacy viewed? | thought as start of "Western Civilization", mostly copied and spread by Romans, philosophy influenced Christain morality, reason and rationality inspire Europe's Scientific Revolution |
| How did the Catholic Church originally view Greeks? | saw them as barbarians |
| When did they find all the Greek artifacts from the Byzantine Empire? | after the Muslims took over Constantinople |
| What is Constantinople in modern times? | Istanbul |
Created by:
1213hannahhillard
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