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Ch. 8 HG
Ch. 8 Vocab/Main ideas
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| State | Politically org. TERRITORY with permanent pop., territory, gov. . |
| Nation | Culturally defined group of PEOPLE withed shared past/common future, group of people with shared culture/mindset/character/language. |
| Nation-state | Politically org. TERRITORY whose PEOPLE have same cultural similaritties ("Iceland"/"Japan"). |
| Democracy | Idea that people are the ultimate sovereignty |
| Multinational State | State with more than one nation inside its borders |
| Multistate Nation | When a nation stretches across borders/states |
| Stateless Nation | Lack of fit between nations/states, when nations don't have a state (ex: Palestine) |
| Colonialism | Leaders taking over colonies ruthlessly |
| Capitalism | When the world economy, people, corporations, and states produce goods and exchange them for profit |
| Commodification | Process of placing a price on a good then selling it |
| World-systems (Wallerstein) Theory View | (1) World economy has 1 market/1 global division of labor (2) Although world has multiple states, almost everything takes place within context of world economy (3) The world economy has 3-tier structure (core/periphery/semi-periphery) |
| Territorial Representative | Each representative elected by a territory defined by a district |
| Reapportionment | Process by which districts are moved according to pop. shift so that each district has app. the same pop. |
| Majority-minority Districts | When the majority of a district's pop. is the minority of the overall nation/state |
| Gerrymandering | "Redistricting for advantage" |
| Boundary | Actual vertical plane that cuts through rocks/soil below |
| Supernational Organization | Separate entity composed of 3 or more states that forge an association and form an administrative structure for mutual benefit in pursuit of shared goals |
| Shatterbelt | Diversified peoples/regions split up |
| Irredentism | Unredeemed territory |
| Unitary State | Highly centralized gov., gov. has all the power and rules all the states, political sub-units not very important |
| Federal State | Federal gov. gets into states' business but allows each state to keep own identity and remain diverse |
| Centrifugal | Forces within state that divide (language, religion, physical geo.). |
| Centripital | Forces that bring us together (language, religion, edu.). |
| Devolution | Seeding of power from regional gov. to sub-state gov. . |
| Unilaterism | One power controlling. |
| Multilaterlism | Multiple powers combining together (allies). |
| Organic Theory (Ratzel) | Countries are like an organism. |
| Exclave | Fragmented piece of sovereign territory separated by land from the main part of a state's territory. |
| Enclave | Minority culture group concentrated inside a country that's dominated by a different/larger culture group. |
| Territorial Sea | Sovereign territory includes the area of sea from shore out to the 12-nautical-mile limit. |
| Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ)- | Exclusive economic rights from shore out to 200-nautical-mile limit (200-nautical miles to include continental shelf). |
| Theocracy | Using religion/holy texts to rule land. |
| Heartland Theory (Mackinder) | hypothesis proposed by halford mackinder that held that any political power based in the heart of Eurasia could gain enough strength to eventually dominate the world. |
| Balkanization | To break up (as a region or group) into smaller and often hostile units. |
Created by:
olivia.tay
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