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Europe - Absolutism
Spain
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Europe had what kind of government at first? | feudalism |
| What is Charles I also known as? | Charles V |
| Why does Charles I/Charles V have two different titles? | He was the ruler of Spain and of the Hapsburg Empire |
| What was another name for the Hapsburg Empire? | The Holy Roman Empire |
| Charles I/V is of what religion? | Catholicism |
| Why does Charles I/V need the Catholic church? | To support his divine right |
| Why does the church need Charles I/V? | To defend their faith |
| Why was Martin Luther excommunicated? | He was against some of the beliefs in the Catholic Church, and started a new branch of Christianity |
| What was the branch of Christianity that Martin Luther began? | Protestant |
| What happens as a cause of the Protestant religion spreading rapidly? | The Thirty Years War |
| What is the Peace of Augsburg? | a series of treaties that ended the Thirty Years War |
| When did the Peace of Augsburg first begin? | 1555 |
| Despite being a failure in Europe, Spain was incredibly successful in the Americas, collecting what goods and accomplishing what? | gold, silver, and spreading the Catholic religion |
| What does Charles I/V do at the end of his reign? He is one of the very few rulers in history to do this. | Abdicates (walks away from the throne) |
| Why does Charles I/V end his reign the way he does? | He knows the empire is too large for him to rule by himself, and he feels like a total failure. |
| To whom does Charles I/V give the Hapsburg Empire to? | His brother Ferdinand |
| To whom does Charles I/V give Spain and his empire (Netherlands, Sicily, American colonies)? | His son Philip II |
| What happens to Charles I/V after he abdicates? | He becomes a monk |
| Philip II is the first of what kind of monarchs? | Absolute monarch |
| What are the three steps that Phillip II takes to form the absolute monarchy? | (1) Centralize the government (2) Take personal control of all power (3) Claim divine right |
| Name Philips three main goals. | (1) Expand Spanish influence around the world, (2) Strengthen the influence of the Catholic Church, (3) make his rule more absolute |
| Why did Philip fight in wars? | To serve God |
| What were the problems with Philip's wars? | He spent lots of money, on top of getting defeated, and his wars never seemed to end (constant warfare) |
| What did the Duke of Alba do? | Set up the Court of Blood, and executed over 18,000 Dutch |
| Why was the Court of Blood set up? | To find and kill Protestants suspected of being involved with guerilla warfare during the rebellion |
| What was the world's greatest weapon? | The Spanish Armada |
| Who is Spain's rival neighbor? | England |
| Why are Spain and England rivals? | They both want to expand and they're running into each other, England split from the Catholic Church, and England is using pirates to steal gold/silver from Spain's ships |
| When Philip II decides to invade England, what is England's first weapon? | Fireships |
| What is the name of the Battle in which Philip II fights Queen Elizabeth of England? | Battle of Gravelines |
| What separatest the fighting skills of either side? | England fights independently with each ship, unlike the Spanish, who line up in a formation and fire at the enemy |
| When the English send fireships at the Spanish fleet, this causes the Spanish to do what? | Cut their anchors |
| Why did the Spanish Armada cutting their anchors prove to be a bad idea? | The Battle of Gravelines was fought in a deep water port, and when a storm hit, the Spanish couldn't lower their anchors so many ships were wrecked |
| What did England call the storm that struck the Spanish Armada? | a Protestant Storm |
| When did Siglo del Oro occur? | Early 1500's-1659 |
| What best describes Spain during the time of Siglo del Oro? | Wealthy, artistic, low on money because of wars |
| Who was Diego Valasques? | A court painter for Philip IV |
| What was Diego Valasques' most famous painting? | Las Maninas |
| Valasques painted what social class? | All social classes |
| What did Valasques do with his slave? | Free him and painted him |
| What was strange about Valasques' way of painting? | He didn't prep his canvas; he painted directly on it for texture |
| What is Valasques known for doing in his paintings? | playing with perspective |
| Valasques was using techniques how many years ahead of his time? | 200 years |
| Who did Valasques paint in many of his painting (what were many of them centralized around)? | God, religion |
| When did Valasques receive his title as a Spanish Gentleman? | 1658 |
| When did Valasques die? | 1700 |
| What makes El Greco's painting style unique? | elongated figures and vibrant colors |
| What was Miguel de Cervantes' profession? | Author |
| What is "El Ingenioso Hidalgo don Quihote de la Mancha"? | A two volume novel that Miguel wrote (considered one of the most famous and greatest works of literature ever written) |
| What does Don Juan Demarco do? | Changes the Spanish language dramatically |
| Who is Tomas Luis de Victoria? | Most famous Spanish 16th century composer |
| What makes Tomas Luis de Victoria's work special? | He wrote a (Legendary) Mass Requium for Empress Maria for her funeral |
| What is part of the reason Spain declines? | Gold and silver from the Americas cause inflation and wars drain the Spanish treasury |
| Which class was heavily taxed? | The middle class |
| What caused a major problem in Spanish economy? | The Muslims and Jews were kicked out of Spain, but they were the main merchants and craftsmen (most skilled), and Spain no longer had good trade and had no new technology |
Created by:
patrij16
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