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APWH Chapter 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Who were the conquered people in Sparta that lived in slavelike conditions? | helots |
| Who was Solon? | A reforming leader who emerged to push Athenian politics in a democratic direction.Abolished debt slavery and all citizens were able to take part in the Assembly. |
| What is the name of the period in which greek culture was widely spread? | Hellenistic Era |
| The Punic Wars were what? | three major wars between Rom and Carthage in North Africa, led to Roman victory and control over western mediterranean |
| The poorer, less privelleged Romans who gradually won a role in Roman politics were called? | Plebians |
| Who were the wealthy, privilleged Romans that dominated early Roman society? | Patricians |
| The great nephew and adopted son of Julius Ceasar who emerged as the sole ruler of the Roman sate was who? | Ceasar Augustus |
| What is Pax Romana? | "Roman peace" the period of stability and prosperity |
| Who was the Sui dynasty emperor who reunified China? | Wendi |
| Who was the Han emperor who began the Chinese civil service system? | Wudi |
| What was the major peasant revolt in China that helped lead to the fall of the Han dynasty, called? | Yellow Turban Rebellion |
| In China, the castrated court officials loyal to the emperor are called? | Eunuchs |
| Who were xiongnus? | Nomadic people's to the north of the Great Wall of China and were a frequent threat to the stability of the Chinese state |
| Indo- European pastoraltists who moved into India about the time of the collapse of the Indus River Valley civilization were known as? | Aryans |
| What were two of the changes that came about in Second Wave civilizations? | Population grew more rapidly than ever, China had the most technological innovation (wheelbarrows, better plow harness, gunpowder, iron, paper) |
| What were three of the continuities that came about in the Second Wave civilizations? | Mostly ruled by monarchs, Men continued to dominate women, the practice of slavery continued |
| What is an empire? | State that exercises coercive (using threats) power. |
| What does an empire so? | Rules a diverse variety of people, usually while oppressing their culture |
| What is one way Persian and Greek civilizations differ in their political organization and values? | Greece was not centralized like Persia. Instead, had hundreds of independent city-states |
| What were two aspects of the Persian civilization? | Based on a cult of kingship (king is worshiped), governors (satraps) in each province |
| What were two aspects of the Greek civilization? | focused on "citizenship", democracy was direct, not representative |
| Name three was Athenian democracy was different from modern democracy. | direct democracy - everyone voted on everything, no representatives, women,slaves, foreigners (more than half the population) could not participate at all |
| What did the Greek victory against the Persians do for the Athenian democracy? | Gave poorer men full citizenship thanks to the rowers who helped win the war. |
| What were one of the cause and effects of the Peloponnesian War? | Sparta won a civil war that depleted both sides and opened them up to the eventual takeover of Macedonia led by Alexander. |
| Who spread Greek culture into Egypt, Mesopotamia, Persia, and India | Alexander |
| What happened to Alexander's empire when he died? | Split into 3 kingdoms, one for each of his generals |
| What were one of the reasons Rome grew from a single city, to the center of a huge empire? | The winning of the Punic Wars over Carthage, gave Rome all of western Mediterranean (whole coast of Africa) |
| What is one reason, the making of the Chinese empire, differed from the Roman empire, and why? | The Roman empire was new, the Chinese empire was reviving old imperial traditions. This made the empire building quicker. |
| What were one of the differences between Roman and Chinese empires? | China- Elaborate bureaucracy Rome- Government not as organized, relied heavily on local leaders and the army |
| What were two of the similarities between Roman and Chinese empires? | Absorbed foreign religions (Christianity and Buddhism), Considered themselves the center of the universe |
| How was the collapse of the Roman empire different from the Han empire in China? | Rome- Long decline due to the empire being to large to rule Han- Long decline due to the corruption and peasant unrest |
| What eventually happened to Western Europe after the collapse of the Roman Empire? | Decentralized system with kings, nobles, vessels, some city states in Italy under the Catholic Church, bishops or the Pope. |
| Why were Europeans unable to reconstruct something of the unity of their classical empire while China did? | The Roman empire didn't have the strong bureaucratic traditions like China did in their many dynasties that came and went |
| What were one of the reasons that centralized empires were so much less prominent in India than in China? | It was often invaded by outsiders due to its centralized and unprotected location |
| Give three examples of Ashoka's reign over the Mauryan empire. | Converted to Buddhism, after bloody battle, preached non-violence and tolerance of other religions, stopped hunting and animal sacrifices |
| A major empire that expanded from the Iranian plateau to incorporate the Middle East from Egypt to India was the? | Persian empire |
| Who was Qin Shihuangdi? | Literally "first emperor from the Qin", reunited China and established a strong and repressive state. |
| What was the mane of the dynasty that ruled China for a period of time, and created a durable state based on Shihuangdi's state building achievment? | Han dynasty |
| What was the Mauryan empire? | A major empire that encompassed most of India. The first major Indian Empire. |
| What were the classical Eurasian Empires? | Persia, Greece, Rome, Qin/Han, Mauryan/Gupta |
| What were the Chinese empires? | Qin and Han dynasty |
| What were the Indian empires? | Mauryan and Gupta |
| What was two things that helped keep the Persian empire together? | violent punishments from the king, effective administrative system |
| Who was Cyrus (the great)? | Founder of the Persian empire, a ruler noted for his conquests, religious tolerance, and political moderation |
| Who was Herodotus? | Greek historian known as "the father of history" His histories enunciated the Greek view of a fundamental divide between East and West, culminating in the Greco-Persia Wars |
| The territory of Greek settlements on the coast of Anatolia (Turkey); the main bone of the contention between the Greeks and the Persian empire was known as? | Ionia |
| What was hoplite? | A heavily armed Greek infantryman. |
| What was the capital palace-city of the Persian empire, destroyed by Alexander the Great? | Persepolis |
| What were some aspects of the Mauryan (first empire)? | Led by Ashoka (broke up after he died), Ruled all but southern tip of India, Huge pop, military, and bureaucracy, gov controlled industries |
| Why do empires collapse? | too big to rule, taxes, invaders, no tech breakthroughs |
Created by:
1213brookisaacs
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