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Anthropology Exam 2

Study Exam 2

QuestionAnswer
What is an artifact? Portable object used, modified, or made by humans.
What is a feature? Non-portable object used, modified, or made by humans.
What is a Archaeological Site? Spatial clustering of artifacts, features, structures, and organic remains found in context.
What is Context? Knowing an artifact's relationship to other artifacts and surround soil.
What are Mousterian Stone Tools? Small flaked tools often retouched (re-sharpened) made using the prepared core method by the Neanderthals
What is Historic Archaeology? Studies cultures that did us written documentation (material remains)
What is Prehistoric Archaeology? Studies cultures that never developed written documentation.
What is the Cultural timeline of the Old World? Lower, Middle, & Upper Paleolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic, Bronze Age, Iron Age.
When were the first animals domesticated and what was it? Started in the Neolithic time frame. The first domesticated animals were cattle, sheep, & goats.
What were some of the consequences (both positive & negative) of Plant & Animal Domestication? Availability of controlled resources. Production & storage of surplus. Ecological disruption. Community Life and poor sanitation. Increased epidemics. Zoonotic diseases.
What is the "Neolithic Revolution? It was the worlds first historically verifiable revolution in agriculture.
What are the different writing systems? Logographic, Syllabic, Logosyllabic, Alphabetic
What is Logographic writing? Signs represent words or ideas. Ex: a picture that represents a word. (eye, snake, etc.)
What is Syllabic Writing? Signs represents individual syllables. (Different syllables are combined to make words)
What is Logosyllabic Writing? The combination of logographic & syllabic writing.
What is Alphabetic Writing? Signs represent individual constants & vowels.
What is Archaeology? Scientific study of the human past, material remains left behind, time depth to the study of culture.
Who were the Neanderthals? First ancient species found. Made & wore clothing. Cooperative hunters. Tool makers. Deliberate burials. Stero typed as stupid.
What is believed to have happened to the Neanderthals? Genocide, Interbreeding hypothesis, Out-competed by humans.
What happened in the Middle Paleolithic era? Neanderthals & Homo Sapiens emerged.
What happened in the Upper Paleolithic era? Only Homo Sapiens remain. New technologies in flint knapping. Stone tools are more efficient. Calendars? Art.
What were the two types of art found in the Upper Paleolithic era? Portable & Non-portable art.
What is Portable Art? Personal adornments (beads, necklaces, bracelets), carved tools, musical intruments
What is Non-portable Art? Cave paintings/carvings.
What was the Lascavx It was the most famous cave found. It had ~600 paintings and 1500 engravings.
What happened in the Mesolithic era? Entire world populated by humans. End of the ice age. Architecture: skin tents. Ground stone tools. Nets & net sinkers. Fish hooks & pottery.
What happened in the Neolithic era? Plant and Animal domestication. Permanent settlements. Population growth. Monumental architecture. Long distance trade.
What was the Catalhoyuk? Site that occupied 5,000 - 7,000 inhabitants. Entered homes through roof. Extensive trade networks. Burials with grave goods.
What happened in the Bronze Age? Invention of Bronze was being introduced. Social Stratification (forms of government starting). Militarism. Writing (permanent record keeping).
What happened in the Iron Age? Around the time of the Romans. Empires. Powerful military's. Large Populations. Conquest states & tribute societies. Social Stratification.
Heinrich Schliemann Claimed to have found Homeric Troy. Excavated royal burials at Mycenae. His methods for Excavating were very rough.
Oscar Montelius Became an expert on prehistoric artifacts of every kind. Founder of modern artifact typology that placed ancient cultures in chronological order.
Vere Gordon Childe Major influence on prehistoric archaeology. Wrote a series of syntheses based on the notion that major agricultural and urban revolutions transformed human existence. Committed suicide 3 months after retirement.
Julian Steward Developed new theories of cultural change and cultural ecology. One of the first American anthropologists to stress the importance of ecological factors in shaping ancient societies. Wanted to explain the past.
Created by: klein-andrew
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