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ARH 390 Exam 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Daoism | Harmony, nature, and the universe |
| Shamanism | Communication with the celestial world |
| yoga | Physical activity with well being |
| raku | Low-fired ceramic wares |
| ase (Africa) | A life force and power |
| nikisi nkondi (Africa) | A hunt figure (the go between) |
| oba (Africa) | The king in sculpture |
| Bodhisattva (India and beyond) | A mediator with people and Buddha |
| gopura (India) | An entrance gate to the Temple |
| mandapa (india) | An enclosed colonnaded porch of a temple |
| mithuna (India) | A depiction of loving couples in art |
| Shiva (India) | The god of destruction and procreation |
| ding (China) | 3-legged vessel (bronze) |
| Amida (Japan) | Boundless light, Paradise |
| fusumu (Japan) | Painted paper, covered sliding doors |
| Kami (Japan) | Nature gods |
| namban byobu (Japan) | Screen paintings depicting images when the eastern world met with the western world (19th century) |
| so (Japan) | Dramatic ink washes (Zen art) |
| ukiyo-e | Art depicting the “floating world” in the middle of the 19th century in art history. |
| Buddhism | A set of philosophical, ethical, and religious beliefs based on the teachings of the historic Buddha. Offered an alternative to Brahmanism, the Upanisads, and indigenous traditions |
| confucianism | the system of moral philosophy of master kong, known in the west as Confucius. He believed that one could achieve harmony with nature by following proper codes of behavior |
| hinduism | originally, a term for people who lived in Hindustan. The main religion of India, combining many different sects |
| Jainism | founded by Mahavira follow the teachings of the Upanisads, esp. the quest for freedom from the cycles of rebirth, believe in non-violence, and live in great purity in their quest to join the pathfinders in the realm of pure spirit at the apex of the univ. |
| japonisme | french for "japanese style" a vogue for Japanese art in culture in Europe and North America Beginning in the late 19c that has had a profound influence on Western Art. |
| Shintoism | the pre-buddhist religion of Japan, which venerated the kami and encouraged the development of apparently simple and rustic, but deceptively complex art forms and rituals. |
| cong | along with the bi, one of two important geometric form jades of unknown meaning and use produced as early as the Neolithic period. |
| chinoiserie | french term, meaning chinese style |
| feng shui | the chinese art of placement. a form of geomancy that looks for topographic signs to help one live in harmony with qi in nature. the name comes from the chinese for wind and water |
| oracle bones | bones and pieces of tortoiseshell inscribed with early forms of Chinese writing. The patterns of cracks made when they were heated were used by shamans to divine the future. |
| pagoda | tall slender tower with accented, upturned eaves that may derive from Han wtachtowers, knwon either through terra cotta models or metal reliquaries. name comes from portuguese word of undetermined origin. |
| patina | a discoloration of bronze, caused by prolonged exposure to minerals. The main patinas are blue, green, and red. |
| Xie He | Chinese art critic and philosopher. used Gu hua pin lu and includes a set of canons or principles of Chinese painting. |
| literati | group of highly educated, upper-class scholar-officials who emerged in the Song period but did not make a living from their art; often considered to be superior to the professional court painters; lofy-mindedness, inspiration, spontaneity, creativity |
| yu | an ornate bronze vessel type used in the Zhou period |
| Lou Zhongli | influenced by artist American artist Chuck Close |
| jijora | yoruba, relative likeness. an image that captures the most essential characteristics of its subject |
| krishna | hindu deity. one of the many aspects of vishnu |
| mudras | Hinduism, Buddhism . any of a series of arm and hand positions expressing an attitude or action of the deity. |
| ratha | chariot of the god. a hindu temple or other shrine |
| shikara | central tower of a hindu temple |
| stupa | buddhist shrine and symbolic world mountain or mandala, diagram of the buddhist cosmos. large hemispheric mound of earth enclosed by stone or terra cotta brick. used as a reliquary. |
| Vishnu | hindu deity. the preserver. consort of Laksmi |
| chanoyu | a highly ritualized tea ceremony that combines the philosophies of many art forms. shinto-based ethics. encoded in principles of wabi and sabi. |
| chumon | middle gate to a budhist temple compound. often containing kongorikishi |
| coiling | method of making pottery in which long rolls of moist clay are coiled and then smoothed to form the walls of a vessel. |
| daimyo | great names. powerful feudal lords, commanders of the samurai |
| emaki | rolled picture. a horizontal scroll associated with a narrative style of painting that emerged in the Heian period. also called emakinmono |
| emakinmono | rolled picture - also called emaki |
| Jodo | "Pure land" |
| jomon | of or pertaining to the period of Japanese culture, c8000–300 b.c., corresponding to Mesolithic or early Neolithic, characterized by sunken-pit dwellings and heavy handmade pottery formed with a rope pattern of clay coils. |
| kakemono | a hanging scroll |
| kofun | old. grave mound. large mound-tombs erected by the rulers of the Kofun period. surrounded by rows of haniwa, terra cotta cylinders supporting, shields, singers, etc maked the boundary between living and dead |
| kondo | Golden hall. an area of active worship in a buddhist temple compound |
| samurai | a noble and professional class of feudal worrior |
| shogun | military pacifier of the east. a 12c. title under which three dynasties of military rulers of japan operated until 1868. |
| torii | a gateway to a shinto shrine |
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