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Behavioral Neurosci
Neurotransmitters and Neuropharmacology (Ch 4)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Amine Neurotransmitters | Neurotransmitter based on modifications of a single amino acid nucleus. (acetylcholine,serotonin, dopamine) |
| Amino Acid Neurotransmitter | A neurotransmitter that is itself an amino acid (GABA, glycine, glutamate) |
| Peptide Neurotransmitter | A neurotransmitter consisting of a short chain of amino acids |
| Gas Neurotransmitter | A soluble gas that is produced and released by a neuron to alter the functioning of another neuron |
| Ionotropic Receptor (fast) | A receptor protein that include an ion channel that is opened when the receptor is bound by an agonist |
| Metabolic Receptor (slow) | A receptor protein that does not contain an ion channel but may when activated use a G protein system to open a nearby ion channel |
| Ligand | A substance that binds to a receptor |
| Agonist | A molecule that binds to a receptor molecule and initiates a response |
| Antagonist | A molecule that interferes with or prevents the action of a transmitter |
| Inverse Antagonist | A substance that binds to a receptor and causes it to do the opposite of what the naturally occurring transmitter does |
| Endogenous Ligands | Produced inside the body |
| Exogenous Ligands | Arising from outside the body |
| Co-Localization/Co-Release | The appearance of more than one neurotransmitter in a given presynaptic terminal |
| Cholinergic | Referring to cells that use ACh as their synaptic transmitter |
| Nicotinic | Referring to cholinergic receptors that respond to nicotine AND ACh |
| Muscarinic | Referring to cholinergic receptors that respond to mucsarine AND ACh |
| 5 monoamines | Catecholamines, indoleamines, dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin |
| Excitotoxicity | The property by which neurons die when overstimulated |
| Retrograde Transmitter | A neurotransmitter that diffuses from the postsynaptic neuron to the presynaptic neuron |
| Affinity | The degree of chemical attraction between a ligand and a receptor |
| Efficacy/intrinsic activity | The extent to which a drug activates a response when it binds to a receptor |
| Partial Agonist/Partial Antagonist | A drug that when bound to a receptor has less effect than the endogenous ligand |
| Modulatory Site | A portion of a receptor that when bound by a compound alters the receptors response to it's transmitter. Binds to a site different than the transmitter site |
| Metabolic tolerance | THe form of drug tolerance that arises when repeated exposure to the drug causes the metabolic machinery (liver, etc) of the body to become more efficient at clearing the drug |
| Functional tolerance | decreased responding to a drug after repeated exposures (brain tissue doesn't respond anymore) |
| Cross tolerance | A condition in which the development of tolerance for one drug causes an individual to develop tolerance to another drug |
| Sensitization | A process in which the body shows an enhanced response to a given drug after repeated doses |
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