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Chapter. 16
key terms and people
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A sailing vessel that uses square and triangular sails to help it sail against the wind? | caravel |
| Prince of Portugal and patron of exploration; he made no voyages himself but spent his life directing voyages of discovery along the African coast? | Henry the Navigator |
| Portuguese navigator; in 1497-1499, he became the first Europe to sail around Africa and reach India by sea? | Vasco da Gama |
| Italian explorer, sailing for Spain, who reached the Americas in 1492 while searching for a western sea route from Europe to Asia? | Christopher Columbus |
| Portuguese navigator; his ships were the first to circumnavigate the globe, though he died on the journey? | Ferdinand Magellan |
| to proceed completely around? | circumnavigate |
| English admiral; he rounded the tip of south America and explored the west coast. he ended up healing west to return to England, thus becoming the second man to circumnavigate the globe? | Sir Francis Drake |
| English navigator; he sailed for the Dutch east India Company and discovered the Hudson River in present-day New York? | Henry Hudson |
| Spanish colonial system in which a colonist was given a certain amount of land and number of Native Americans to work the land in exchange for teaching the Native Americans Christianity? | ecomienda |
| Spanish conquistador; from 1519 to 1521, he defeated the Aztec Empire, conquering Mexico For Spain? | Hernan Cortes |
| a Spanish soldier and explorer who led military expeditions in the Americans and captured land for Spain? | conquistador |
| Aztec ruler from 1502 to 1520; he was the emperor of the course of his rule, amassed great wealth for himself at the expense of his people, who remained poor? | Moctezuma ll |
| Spanish conquistador, conqueror of Peru; founder of Lima, Peru. From 1530 to 1533, he conquered the Inca Empire? | Francisco Pizarro |
| Last Inca king; he was taken prisoner by Pizarro and his army after refusing to accept Christianity and surrender his empire to Spanish conquistadors. He also promoted the spread of Buddhism? | Atahualpa |
| officials who ruled Spain's American empire? | viceroys |
| Spanish missionary and historians; he sought to protect Native Americans from Spanish mistreatment by replacing them as laborers with imported African slaves? | Bartolome de Las Casas |
| The agreement between Spain and Portugal that created an imaginary north-south line diving their territory in the Americas? | Treaty of Tordesillas |
| The transfer of plants, animals, and diseases between the Americas and Europe, Asia, and Africa beginning with the voyages of Columbus? | Columbian Exchange |
| An economic system used from about the 1500s to the 1700s that held that a nation's power was directly related to its wealth? | mercantilism |
| The difference in value between what a nation imports and exports over a period of time? | balance of trade |
| grants of money? | subsidies |
| Economic system in which most businesses are privately owned? | capitalism |
| Businesses formed by groups of people who jointly make an investment and share in profits and losses? | joint-stock companies |
| Large forms that usually specialized in the growing of one type of crop for a profit? | plantations |
| Trading networks lasting from the 1600s to the 1800s that carried goods and enslaved people between Europe, the Americans, and Africa? | triangular trade |
| The name for voyages that brought enslaves Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to North America and the West Indies? | Middle passage |
| African American abolitionist; he was an enslaved African who was eventually freed, became a leader of the abolitionist movement, and wrote The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano? | Olaudah Equiano |
| The dispersal of people of African descent throughout the Americas and Western Europe due to the slave trade? | African Diaspora |
Created by:
Rachel Walters
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