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chapter 16
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| a sailing vessel that uses square and triangular sails to help it sail ag | caravel |
| Prince of Pirtugal and patron of exploration; he made no voyages of discovery along the African coast. | Henry the Navigator |
| Portuguese navigator; in 1497-1499, he became the first European to sail around Africa and reach India by sea. | Vasco da Gama |
| Italian explorer, sailing for spain, who reached the Americans in 1492 while searching for a westeren sea route from Europe to Asia. | Christopher Columbus |
| Portuguese navigator, his ships were the first to circumnavigate the globe, though he died on the journey. | Ferdinand Magellan |
| to proceed completely around | circumnavigate |
| -English admiral; he rounded the tip of South America and explored the west coast. He ended up heading west to return to England, thus becoming the second man to circumnavigate the globe | Sir Francis Drake |
| English navigator; he sailed for the Dutch East India Company and discovered the Hudson River in present-day New York | Henry Hudson |
| Spanish colonial system in which a colonist was given a certain amount of land and a number of Native Americans to work the land in exchange for teaching the Native Americans Christianity | Encomienda |
| Spanish Conquistador; from 1519 to 1521, he defeated the Aztec Empire, conquering Mexico for Spain. | Hernan Cortes |
| a Spanish soldier and explorer who led military expeditions in the Americas and captured land for Spain | conquistador |
| Moctezuma II | |
| Spanish conquistador; conqueror of Peru; founder of Lima, Peru. From 1530 to 1533, he conquered the Inca Empire | Francisco Pizarro |
| Last Inca King; he was taken prisoner by Pizarro and his army after refusing to accepted Christianity and surrender his empire to Spanish conquistadors. He was killed by the Spanish and his empire was taken over. | Athualpa |
| officials who ruled Spain's American empire | viceroys |
| Spanish missionary and historian; he sought to protect Native Americans from Spanish mistreatment by replacing them as laborers with imported African slaves | Bartolome de Las Casas |
| the agreement between Spain and Portugal that created an imaginary north-south line dividing their territory in the Americas | Treaty of Tordesillas |
| the transfer of plants, animals, and diseases between the Americas and Europe, Asia, and Africa beginning with the voyages of Columbus | Columbian Exchange |
| an economic system used from about the 1500s to the 1700s that held that a nation's power was directly related to its wealth | mercantilism |
| the difference in value between what a nation imports and exports over a period of time | balance of trade |
| grants of money | subsidies |
| economic system in which most business are privately owned | capitalism |
| business formed by groups of people who jointly make an investment and share in the profits and losses | joint-stock companies |
| large farms that usually specialized in the growing of one type of crop for a profit | plantations |
| trading network lasting from the 1600s to the 1800s that carried goods and enslaved people | triangular trade |
| the name for voyages that brought enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to North American and the West Indies | Middle Passage |
| African American abolitionist; he was an enslaved African who was eventually freed, became a leader of the abolitionist movement, and wrote The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano | Olaudah Equiano |
| the dispersal of people of African descent throughout the Americas and Western Europe due to the slave trade | African Diaspora |
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shelbiekingg
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