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New Empires Emerge
Unit 3 Test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Genghis Khan | the leader who brought together the Mongol clans |
| Kublai Khan | The Mongol leader who also became the Chinese emperor |
| Pax Mongolica | A period from the mid-1200s to mid-1300s when order was imposed across much of Europe and Asia |
| Marco Polo | A traveler from Venice who served Kublai Khan for 17 years and wrote about his experiences |
| Constantine | An emperor of Rome who took the throne in AD 324 connecting the eastern and western halves, and moved the capital to Byzantium |
| Justinian | A byzantine emperor who took the throne in AD 527 who is best known for his codes that served for nearly 900 years |
| Hagia Sophia | Built during the reign of Justinian, this church was intended to be the world’s most beautiful church |
| Justinian Code | The body of civil law created for the Byzantine Empire |
| Theodora | The wife of a Byzantine ruler around AD 500 who was used as an advisor |
| patriarch | The religious leader of the Eastern Church |
| icon | The religious images that were used in practicing worship in Eastern Christianity and was the center of controversy |
| schism | In 1054, done as a solution to the conflicts between the Roman Catholic Church in the West and the Orthodox Church in the East |
| Orthodox Christianity | the state religion of the Byzantine Empire |
| Vladimir’s rule | Influenced by he combination of church and state |
| Novgorod | The first city of Russia which was founded in AD 862 |
| Kiev | The Russian city established in AD 880 on the Dnieper River that was founded to connect Vikings to the trading of Constantinople |
| Moscow | The Russian city that will rise as its capital after their break from the Mongol control in AD 1480 |
| czar | The Russian emperor |
| Cyrillic alphabet | The invention of St. Cyril and St. Methodius that strongly influenced Russian culture |
| Islam | The belief that one “surrenders to the will of God” |
| Muslim | The individual in the Islam religion who surrender to God |
| Qur’an | The sacred writing of Islam |
| Muhammad | According to the Muslim's belief, he was the first and only prophet of Allah |
| hajj | One of the pillars of Islam where a believer must take a pilgrimage to Mecca |
| mosque | The house of worship for the believers in Islam |
| Shi’a | The division of Islam believers that believe only a relative of Muhammad is qualified to be a caliph |
| Mecca | The city where you may find the Ka’aba that the Muslims pray towards |
| Five Pillars of Islam | the major duties required of all Muslims |
| Hijrah | Muhammad’s escape from Mecca to Medina in Ad 622 |
| Abu Bakr | The first caliph after the death of Muhammad to spread Islam north |
| Ali | The last of the “rightly guided” caliphate whose death created a series of events that led to the Sunni and Shi’a split |
| Umayyads | The dynasty that ruled the Muslim Empire from AD 661 to 750 |
| Abbasids | The dynasty that ruled much of the Muslim Empire from AD 750 to 1258 |
| Seljuks | The Turkish group that migrated into the Abbasid Empire in the 10th century and later established their own empire |
| al-Andalus | The Muslim-ruled area in what is known today as Spain |
| Malik Shah | The famous Seljuk sultan that after his death in AD 1092 the Muslim empire separated into many kingdoms |
| Richard | The English king who led the Third Crusade |
| Urban II | The pope who issued the call for the First Crusade |
| Reconquista | The organized effort to drive the Muslims out of Spain |
| Saladin | In the 1100’s the most famous and respected Muslim leader of his age |
| Inquisition | The Church court used in Spain to persecute Jews and Muslims |
| Second Crusade | The Crusade that failed in its goal of recapturing the Crusader state of Edessa from the Turks |
| First Crusade | The Crusade that resulted in the capture of Jerusalem by the Christians and the creation of four Crusader states |
| Third Crusade | The Crusade that resulted in the signing of a truce and an agreement to allow Christian pilgrims to visit Jerusalem |
Created by:
mccurtis
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