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Chapter 6~
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Have caste, class, patriarchy and slavery, all vanished in today's society? | No |
| Who represented the cultural and social elite of Chinese civilization? | Bureaucrats |
| Who considered selected officials as the basis of merit and personal morality? | Confucius |
| Which dynasty required each province to send men of promise to the capital? | The Han, there they were examined and chosen for official positions, based on their performance. |
| Emperor Wu Di established... | an imperial academy where men were trained as scholars and studied Chinese classical texts dealing with history, art, literature, mathematics, and the teachings of Confucius. |
| The imperial academy in China lasted until... | the twentieth century. |
| To mark their class, Chinese elites wore... | robes, ribbons, seals, and headdresses according to their rank and moved about in carriages. |
| After elites in Chinese culture, came the... | Landlord class. |
| Landlords in China owned... | large estates and could often opt out of paying taxes, resulting in decreasing state revenues and increasing the taxes for peasants. |
| What kind of reforms did Wang Mang propose? | He ordered estates to nationalized and divided up to the landless, limited the amount of land a family could own, and to end private slavery. |
| Wang Mang's reforms ultimately resulted in? | Oppositions from wealthy landowners, nomadic invasions, poor harvests, floods, famines, and his assassination. |
| What does the term "scholar-gentry" mean? | The large landowning family class. |
| What class is the largest throughout Chinese history? | The peasants. |
| What kind of difficulties did Chinese peasants face? | Nature, the state, landlords, famines, and natural disasters. |
| What happened in China toward the end of the second century C.E? | The Yellow Turban Rebellion. |
| What is the Yellow Turban Rebellion? | A band of rebellious peasants, looking for the "Great Peace?" |
| How were merchants viewed in China? | Greedy, luxury-loving, and materialistic. |
| India's caste system is based on what? | Purity of blood or economic specialization and culture. |
| What are the castes in the Varna, in order? | The Brahmins, Kshatriya, Vaisya, and the Sudras. |
| What are the Brahmins? | Priests. |
| What are the Kshatriyas? | Warriors and rulers. |
| What are the Vaisyas? | Commoners, who worked the land. |
| What are the Sudras? | The lowest group, the servants. |
| In Varna, these classes formed what? | The body of the god Purusha. |
| What class later developed, even lower than that of the Sudras? | The untouchables, those with unclean and polluting jobs. (The Mike Rowe of classical India.) |
| Another caste system was the? | Jati |
| Jatis are? | Occupational based groups. Together jatis and the varna system created India's modern day caste system. |
| What did being born into a particular caste mean? | It was reflections of the good or bad deeds (karma) of their previous life. |
| Hope of rebirth into a better class rested on what? | Dharma, faithful and selfless performance of one's present caste duties. |
| How did the restrictions of the caste affect those in lower classes? | It made it nearly impossible to be reborn into a better class. |
| Give one comparison of China and India's class system. | India caste was more rigid and gave less opportunities for social mobility than in China. |
| Did the caste system represent everyone? | Yes, which is why it was so popular, and still is today. |
| In the First Civilizations what contributed to the growth of slavery? | War, patriarchy, and the notion of private property. |
| At first, who was more important, women or men slaves? | Women, men captives were killed. |
| In China slaves were... | not widely popular, usually convicted criminals and their families. |
| In India slaves were... | criminals, debtors, or prisoners of war. In India religious writing and secular law offered protection for slaves. |
| In Greece slaves were... | plentiful. Not rare considering Athens beliefs in equality. |
| What kind of rights did Greek slaves have or what rights didn't they have? | If they were given freedom, they could not become citizens, nor could they marry or own land. |
| What percent did slaves make up in the Roman empire? | 33 to 40 percent. |
| In Rome were slaves common? | Yes. Almost everyone owned at least one or two slaves, just to own one, while others owned thousands. |
| Where did Rome get their slaves? | Prisoners of war, large slave-selling networks, or anyone who found abandoned children. |
| What was slavery identified with? | Nothing, anyone could be a slave, race and gender was unimportant. |
| Did the coming of Christ eliminate slavery in Rome? | No |
| In Rome, what kind of jobs could slaves hold? | Anything from field worker to teacher to artist. They could not be in the military but did serve as gladiators. |
| What was a famous, slave rebellion? | A slave gladiator, named Spartacus, started a revolt that went on for a few years. When it settled down however 6,000 slaves were nailed to crosses as punishment. |
| What division of society has had the greatest significance? | The division between male and female. |
| Did women have it better in elite classes or poorer classes? | In poor classes they often had a more free, but burdensome life style. |
| Patriarchy in China is mostly influenced by what ideology? | Confucianism |
| How is the yin-yang symbol representative to the patriarchy in China? | Yang was considered masculine and heavenly, while yin was feminine and dark and weak. |
| What does the three obediences mean? | A woman must obey firstly her father, then husband, then her sons. |
| What was life like for women in Athens? | Not very promising. They could not take part in assemblies nor could they interacted very much in public. |
| How did Aristotle identify women? | Inadequate and like children or domesticated animals. |
| What was a married woman's life like in Greece? | They were married in mid-teens to older men and managed the homes domestic affairs and made the children. |
| What was life like for women in Sparta? | Sparta gave women much more rights. Their importance was to produce male warriors. They could take part in sporting events to strengthen their bodies to bear children. |
| What was a married woman's life like in Sparta? | They were married at 18 with males of the same age. Newly married women cut their hair short. |
| In Sparta, why did marriages have a trial period? | To see if they could produce children, if not they could divorce. |
| How was Spartan women different from Athenian women? | They could control the land and house, men "obeyed their wives", and their clothes were considered immodest to Athenian women. |
| Which was more prohibitive of homosexuality? Greece or Sparta? | Greece |
Created by:
1213RachelBlair
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