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Cardiology Terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Focus | location from which impulse arises |
| Hypertrophy | enlargement of portion of the heart without increase in chamber size |
| Infarction | necrotic tissue due to sustained period of interrupted blood flow |
| Infranodal | located within the SA or AV nodes |
| Injury | portion of damaged myocardium capable of partial recovery |
| Inotropic | influencing cardiac contractility and force |
| Ischemia | reduced oxygenated blood flow to portion of cardiac tissue which may be transient or reversible with early treatment and intervention |
| Isoelectric | flat line on EKG graph indicating no electrical variations |
| Multifocal | describes PVC's that originate from multiple locations |
| Necrosis | dead tissue from insufficient oxygenated blood flow |
| Paroxysmal | sudden or abrupt onset of dysrhythmia |
| Pathologic | indicating disease of abormality |
| Precipitating | factors that contribute to a condition or disease state |
| Preload | measurement of amount of tension on ventricular muscle fibers prior to contraction |
| Quadrigeminy | ectopic beat occurring every fourth complex |
| Reciprocal | refers to EKG changes observed in an opposite lead |
| Reentry | source of ectopic beats caused by a single electrical impulse reentering portion of tissue for second or subsequent time |
| Refractory | inability to respond to electrical impluses |
| Repolarization | process by which a cell is restored to a ready state |
| Retrograde | process by which a cell is restored to a ready state |
| Stroke volume | amount of blood pumped by left ventricle each beat |
| Supraventricular | refers to portion of heart from bundle branches to SA node |
| Systole | contraction and subsequent movement of blood through ventricles |
| Tachycardia | rapid heart rate, typically greater than 100 beats / minute |
| Thrombolytic | substance that breaks down or dissolves a thrombus |
| Thrombosis | blood clot within a vessel that has potential to restrict flow |
| "Tombstone T Wave" | hyperacute T wave resembling the shape of a tombstone; often seen early in development of MI and usually associated with ST elevation |
| Transcutaneous | refers to pacing patches applied to skin of chest wall |
| Transmural | pertaining to infracted area penetrating through full thickness of myocardium |
| Transvenous | internal pacemaker inserted directly into heart via vein |
| Trigimenal | ectopic complex arising every third beat |
| Triphasic | single waveform that has three observable phases |
| Unifocal | arising from single ectopic focus |
| Vector | magnitude and direction of wave of deplorization |
| Voltage | height or depth of waveform measure in millimeters |
| Abberent | occasional abnormal intraventricular conduction of supraventricular impulses |
| Accessory pathway | abnormal conduction tract between the atria and ventricles |
| Action potential | electrical changes in the myocardial cell membrane during the depolarization and repolarization of a cardiac cycle |
| Amplitude | the height of a waveform or complex measured in millimeters on the ECG graph paper |
| Anterograde | electrical conduction of an impulse in a forward direction |
| Antiarrythmic | refers to medications that attempt to abolish, control or prevent dysrhythmias and ectopic impulses |
| Arteriosclerosis | hardening of arteries and loss of elasticity |
| Atherosclerosis | condition caused by an accumulation of debris along the intimal layer of arteries |
| Atrial kick | normal contraction of the atria with movement of blood into the ventricles during diastole |
| Automaticity | the ability of a cell to depolarize spontaneously |
| Automatic rate | rate at which a dominant or escape pacemaker normally initiates electrical impulses |
| Axis | position of the heart within the thoracic cavity |
| Bigeminy | ectopic complexes occurring every other complex |
| Bipolar | includes leads I, II and III. These leads record the potential between two points on the body; also called stranded limb leads |
| Bradycardia | slow heart rate, typically less than 60 beats per minute |
| Capture | appropriate timing of a pacemaker to depolarize the myocardium |
| Cardiac output | the amount of blood pumped by the heart in one minute; measured in liters / minute; calculated by multiplying stroke volume by heart rate |
| Chronotropic | influencing heart rate |
| Compensatory pause | a pause following a premature complex which allows the SA node to continue at its preset rhythm |
| Conductivity | property of a cardiac cell to transmit electrical impulses |
| Contractility | ability of cardiac cells to shorten when stimulated |
| Couplet | two consecutive PVC's |
| Demand | pacemaker mode that initiates an impulse only upon failure of atria or ventricles to fire within a preset time |
| Depolarization | electrical process of discharging a resting cardiac cell |
| Diastole | period of relaxation of atria and ventricles; period where heart chambers and coronary arteries fill with blood |
| Diphasic | refers to single waveform that has two observable phases |
| Dissociation | occurs when pacemakers of atria and ventricles are functioning independently |
| Ectopic | beat or rhythm originating from site other than SA node |
| Equiphasic | QRS complex that is relatively equal in positive and negative deflections relative to isoelectric line |
| Escape | complex or rhythm initiated when underlying rhythm slows to less than the escape pacemaker's automatic rate |
| Fascicle | pertaining to intraventricular bundle brances |
Created by:
aimeewhite
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