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Medical Terms ch 15
Diagnostic procedures and pharmacology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| assessment | the evaluation or appraisal of a condition |
| vital signs | indicates systems are functioning: temperature |
| 98.6 F | average normal temperature |
| hypothermia | abnormally low body temperature |
| hyperthermia | an extremely high fever |
| pulse | the rhythmic pressure against the walls of an artery caused by the contraction of the heart |
| respiratory rate | also known as respiration |
| blood pressure | the force of blood against the walls of the arteries |
| sphygmomanometer | measures blood pressure |
| systolic pressure | occurs when the ventricles contract |
| diastolic pressure | occurs when the ventricles are relaxed |
| pain | can be a 5th vital sign |
| acute pain | pain that comes on quickly |
| chronic pain | pain that can be mild or severe |
| auscultation | means listening for sounds within the body and is usually performed thorugh a stethoscope |
| rale | also known as a crackle |
| rhonchus | also known as wheezing |
| stridor | abnormal hgih-pitched harsh sound heard during inhalation |
| bruit | an abnormal sound heard during auscultaion of an artery |
| heart murmur | an abnormal heart sound that is most commonly a sign of abnormal function of the heart valves |
| abdominal sounds | also known as bowel sounds |
| palpation | an examination technique in which the examiner's hands are used to feel the texture |
| percussion | a diagnostic procedure designed to determine the density of a body part by the sound produced by tapping the surface with the fingers |
| ophthalmoscope | an eye instrument used examine the interior of the eye |
| otoscope | an instrument used to visually examine the external ear canal and tympanic membrane |
| speculum | an instrument used to enlarge the opening of any canal or cavity to facillitate inspection of its interior |
| stethoscope | an instrument used to listen to the sounds within the body |
| recumbent position | describes any position in which the patient is lying down |
| prone position | patient is lying on the belly face down |
| horizontal recumbent position | also known as supine position |
| dorsal recumbent position | the patient is lying on the back with knees bent |
| Sims' position | patient is lying on left side with the right knee and thigh drawn up with the left arm placed along the back |
| knee-chest position | patient is lying face down with the hips bent so that the knees and chest rest on the table |
| lithotomy position | patient is lying on the back with the feet and legs raised and supported by stirrups |
| stat | results are needed immediately |
| profile | tests that are frequently performed as a group on automated multichannel laboratory testing equipment |
| phlebotomist | an individual trained and skilled in phlebotomy |
| phlebotomy | also known as venipuncture |
| capillary puncture | technique used when only a small amount of blood is needed as a specimen for a blood test |
| complete blood count | series of tests performed as a group to evaluate several blood conditions |
| erythrocyte sedimentation rate | also known as sed rate |
| hematocrit | describes the percentage |
| platelet count | measures the number of platelets in a specified amount of blood and is a screening test to evaluate platelet function |
| red blood cell count | a determination of the number of erythrocytes in the blood |
| total hemoglobin test | usually part of the complete blood count |
| white blood cell count | determination of the number of leukocytes in the blood |
| white blood cell differential test | determines what percentage of the total count is composed of each of the five types of leukocyte |
| basic metabolic panel | group of eight specific blood tests that provide important information about the current status of the patient's kidneys |
| blood urea nitrogen test | measures the amount of nitrogen in the blood due to the waste product urea |
| urea | major end product of protein metabolism found in urine and blood |
| crossmatch tests | performed to determine the compatibility of donor and recipient blood before a transfusion |
| agglutination | clumping together of the red blood cells |
| C-reactive protein test | performed to identify high levels of inflammation within the body |
| lipid panel | measures the amount of total cholesterol |
| prothrombin time | also known as pro time |
| serum bilirubin test | measures the ability of the liver to take up |
| thyroid-stimulating hormone assay | measures circulating blood levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone that can indicate abnormal thyroid activity |
| urinalysis | the examination of the physical and chemical properties of urine to determine the presence of abnormal elements |
| routine urinalysis | performed to screen for urinary and systemic disorders |
| microscopic examination | peformed when more detailed testing of the specimen in necessary |
| casts | fibrous or protein materials |
| pH | the degree of acidity or alkalinity of a substance |
| acidosis | excessive acid in the body fluids |
| alkaline urine | pH above 7 |
| specific gravity | reflects the amount of wastes |
| low specific gravity | dilute urine |
| high specific gravity | concentrated urine |
| acetone | sweet |
| albuminuria | presence of the protein albumin in the urine and is the sign of impaired kidney function |
| albumin | a form of protein found in most body tissues |
| bacteriuria | the presence of bacteria in the urine |
| calciuria | the presence of calcium in the urine |
| creatinuria | an increased concentration of creatine in the urine |
| creatinine | a waste product of muscle metabolism that is normally removed by the kidneys |
| drug-screening urine test | a rapid method of identifying the presence in the body of one or more drugs of abuse |
| glycosuria | presence of glucose in the urine |
| hematuria | presence of blood in the urine |
| gross hematuria | presence of blood can be detected without magnification |
| microscopic hematuria | urine is clear |
| ketonuria | presence of ketones in the urine |
| ketones | formed when the body breaks down fat |
| proteinuria | the presence of an abnormal amount of protein in the urine |
| pyuria | presence of pus in the urine |
| urine culture and sensitivity tests | laboratory tests that are used to identify the cause of a urinary tract infection and determine which antibiotic would be the most effective treatment |
| endoscopy | visual examination of the interior of a body cavity |
| endoscopic surgery | a surgical procedure performed through very small incisions with the use of an endoscope and specialized instruments |
| endoscope | a small flexible tube with a light and lens on the end |
| laparoscopy | visual examination of the interior of the abdomen with the use of a laparoscope tha is passed through a small incision in the abdominal wall |
| centesis | a surgical puncture to remove fluid for diagnostic purposes or to remove excess fluid |
| abdominiocentesis | surgical puncture of the abdominal cavity to remove fluid |
| arthrocentesis | surgical puncture of the joint space to remove synovial fluid for analysis to determine the cause of pain or swelling in a joint |
| cardiocentesis | also known as cardiopuncture |
| pericardiocentesis | puncture of the pericardial sac for the purpose of removing fluid |
| tympanocentesis | surgical puncture of the tympanic membrane with a needle to remove fluid or pus from an infected middle ear |
| contrast medium | administered by swallowing |
| radiopaque | substance does not allow x-rays to pass through and appears white or light gray on the resulting film |
| radiolucent | substance |
| radiography (X-ray) | uses x-radiation passing through the patient to expose a film or create a digital image that shows the body profile |
| computed tomography (CT) | uses x-radiation with computer assistance to produce multiple cross-sectional views of the body |
| magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) | uses a combination of radio waves and a strong magnetic field to produce images |
| intraveneous contrast medium | injected into a vein to make the flow of blood through blood vessels and organs visible |
| barium | a radiopaque contrast medium used primarily to visualize the gastrointestinal tract |
| radiology | also known as x-rays |
| radiologist | a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders with x-rays and other forms of radiant energy |
| radiographic positioning | describes the body placement and the part of the body closest to the x-ray film |
| radiographic projection | describes the path that the x-ray beam follows through the body from enterance to exit |
| anteroposterior projection | patient positioned with the back parallel to the film |
| posteroanterior projection | patient positioned facing the film and parallel to it |
| lateral projection | patient positioned at right angles to the film |
| oblique projection | patient positioned so the body is slanted sideways to the film |
| extraoral radiography | film is placed and exposed outside of the mouth |
| panoramic radiograph | also known as panorex |
| intraoral radiography | film is placed within the mouth and exposed by a camera positioned next to the exterior of the cheek |
| periapical radiographs | show the entire tooth and some surrounding tissue |
| bite-wing radiographs | show the crowns of teeth in both archs on one side of the mouth |
| magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) | combines MRI with the use of a contrast medium to locate problems within blood vessels throughout the body |
| fluoroscopy | visualization of body parts in motion by projecting x-ray images on a luminous fluorescent screen |
| cineradiography | recording of images as they appear in motion on a fluorescent screen |
| ultrasonography | also known as ultrasound |
| sonogram | image created by ultrasonography |
| sonographer | technician trained to take a sonogram |
| echocardiography | an ultrasonic diagnostic procedure used to evaluate the structures and motion of the heart |
| doppler echocardiogram | measures the speed and direction of the blood flow within the heart |
| fetal ultrasound | noninvasive procedure used to image and evaluate fetal development during pregnancy |
| transesophageal echocardiography | also known as TEE |
| carotid ultrasonography | use of sound waves to image the carotid artery to detect an obstruction |
| nuclear medicine | radioactive substances are administered for either diagnostic or treatment purposes |
| radiopharmaceuticals | radioactive substance used for diagnostic or treatment purposes |
| nuclear imaging | images document the structure and function of organs being examined |
| nuclear scan | also known as a scintigram |
| bone scan | nuclear scanning test that identifies new areas of bone growth or breakdown |
| thyroid scan | a radiopharmaceutical containing radioactive iodine is administered |
| single photon emission computed tomography | also known as SPECT |
| profusion | means the flow of blood through and organ |
| positron emission tomography | also known as PET imaging |
| pharmacology | the study of the nature |
| pharmacist | licensed specialist who formulates and dispenses prescribed medications |
| prescription | medication that can legally be dispensed only by a pharmacist with an order from a licensed professional such as a physician or dentist |
| over-the-counter | also known as OTC |
| generic drug | usually named for its chemical structure and is not protected by a brand name or trademark |
| brand-name drug | sold under the name given the drug by the manufaturer. |
| addiction | compulsive |
| adverse drug reaction (ADR) | also known as a side-effect |
| compliance | patient's consistency and accuracy in following the regimen prescribed by a physician or other health care professional |
| contraindication | a factor in the patient's condition that makes the use of a medication or specific treatment dangerous or ill advised |
| drug interaction | result of drugs reacting with each other |
| idiosyncratic reaction | an unexpected reaction to a drug that is peculiar to the individual |
| palliative | a substance that eases the pain or severity of the symptoms of a disease |
| paradoxical reaction | the result of medical treatment that yields the exact opposite of normally expected results |
| placebo | an inactive substance |
| potentiation | drug interaction that occurs when the effect of one drug is increased by another drug |
| antipyretic | medication administered to prevent or reduce fever |
| anti-inflammatory | relieves inflammation and pain without affecting consciousness |
| analgesic | refers to the class of drugs that relieves pain without affecting consciousness |
| acetaminophen | analgesic that reduces pain and fever |
| nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs | also known as NSAIDs |
| ibuprofen | nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medicine that acts as an analgesic to relieve pain |
| anticonvulsants | administered to prevent seizures |
| antidepressants | administered to prevent or relieve depression |
| pain-relieving creams | applied topically to relieve pain |
| transcutaneous electronic nerve stimulation | TENS |
| inhalation administration | vapors and gases taken in through the nose or mouth and absorbed in the bloodstream through the lungs |
| oral administration | medications taken by mouth to be absorbed through the walls of the stomach or small intestine |
| rectal administration | insertion of medication in the rectum either in the form of a suppository or a liquid |
| sublingual administration | placement of medication under the tongue where it is allowed to dissolve slowly |
| topical application | liquid or ointment that is rubbed into the skin on the area to be treated |
| transdermal medication | administered from a patch that is applied to unbroken skin |
| parenteral | taken into the body in a manner other than the digestive tract |
| subcutaneous injection (SC) | made into the fatty layer just below the skin |
| intradermal injection | made into the middle layers of the skin |
| intramuscular injection (IM) | made directly into the muscular tissue |
| intravenous unjection (IV) | made directly into a vein |
| bolus | also known as a bolus infusion |
| peripherally inserted central catheter | PICC line |
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HillbillyHol26
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