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Hinduism Vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Polytheism | The belief in or worship of more than one god. |
| animism | The belief in a supernatural power that organizes and animates the material universe. |
| Aryans | Indo-European: of or relating to the former Indo-European people; "Indo-European migrations. |
| Sanskrit | An ancient Indic language of India, in which the Hindu scriptures and classical Indian epic poems are written and from which many northern Indian languages are derived. |
| Vedic | of or relating to the Vedas or to the ancient Sanskrit in which they were written; "the Vedic literature. |
| samsara | The cycle of death and rebirth to which life in the material world is bound. |
| atman | The spiritual life principle of the universe, esp. when regarded as inherent in the real self of the individual; A person's soul |
| Brahman | A member of the highest Hindu caste, that of the priesthood. |
| reincarnation | The rebirth of a soul in a new body. |
| karma | The sum of a person's actions in this and previous states of existence, viewed as deciding their fate in future existences. |
| moksha | Release from the cycle of rebirth impelled by the law of karma. |
| dharma | Virtue, righteousness, and duty, esp. social and caste duty in accord with the cosmic order. |
| ahimsa | The principle of nonviolence toward all living things. |
| Brahman | A member of the highest Hindu caste, that of the priesthood. |
| maya | Sanskrit for "illusion" (phenomena or objective appearances that are created by the mind). |
| avidya | Avidyā is a Sanskrit word that means "ignorance", "delusion", "unlearned", "unwise" and that which is not, or runs counter to, vidya. |
| rajas | The element or mode of prakriti associated with passion, energy, and movement. |
| varnas | Each of the four Hindu castes, Brahman, Kshatriya, Vaishya, and Shudra. |
| caste | Each of the hereditary classes of Hindu society, distinguished by relative degrees of ritual purity or pollution and of social status. |
| Brahmins | a member of the highest of the four Hindu varnas. |
| Kshatriyas | a member of the royal or warrior Hindu caste. |
| Vaisyas | Third of the four Varna of Hindu society - these are people of commercial value i.e. Merchants, traders, farmers etc. |
| Shudras | the lowest of the four varnas: the servants and workers of low status. |
| varnashrama dharma | duties performed according to the system of four varnas (social divisions) and four ashrams (stages in life). |
| Jnana yoga | The spiritual discipline of knowledge and insight; yoga of wisdom. |
| Bhakti yoga | A type of yoga in which a person worships a god or goddess. The idea is to approach the divine being by showing one's love through by worship and by subordinating oneself. |
| Karma | The sum of a person's actions in this and previous states of existence, viewed as deciding their fate in future existences. |
| Vedas | any of the most ancient sacred writings of Hinduism written in early Sanskrit; traditionally believed to comprise the Samhitas, the Brahmanas, the Aranyakas, and the Upanishads. |
| Upanishads | The Upanishads are part of the Vedas and form the Hindu scriptures which primarily discuss philosophy, meditation, and the nature of God. |
| Law of Manu | how to lead the life or way of living by various classes of society. |
| Bhagavad Gita | An important Hindu scripture that contains a discussion between Krishna and the Indian hero Arjuna on human nature and the purpose of life |
| Ramayana | one of two classical Hindu epics telling of the banishment of Rama from his kingdom and the abduction of his wife by a demon and Rama's restoration to the throne. |
| Brahma | is the eternal, unchanging, infinite, immanent, and transcendent reality which is the Divine Ground of all matter, energy, time, space, being, and everything beyond in this Universe. |
| Vishnu | "the preserver or sustainer" Had 9 avatars, the tenth avatar will herald the end of the world |
| Shiva | the destroyer God |
| Krishna | One of the most popular gods, the eighth and most important avatar or incarnation of Vishnu. |
| Gandhi | Famous Hindu who was political and spiritual leader during India's struggle with Great Britain for home rule; an advocate of passive resistance |
| Holi | A Hindu spring festival celebrated in February or March in honor of Krishna. |
| Divali | Celebration to celebrate the return of Rama after 14 years of Vanvas (banishment). To welcome his return, diyas (ghee lamps) were lit in rows of 20. |
| Dasehra | Celebration of victory of Lord Rama over Ravana; victory of good over evil. |
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