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Chapter 5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| a city-state of ancient Greece | polis |
| a walled, high area surrounding a polis | acropolis |
| an open area that served as a meeting place and market in early greek city-states | agora |
| in ancient Greece, state slaves | helots |
| foot soldiers in ancient Greece | hoplites |
| great pride | hubris |
| a government run by the people | democracy |
| Athenian statesman; he introduced the first civil democracy in Greece and create the Boule | solon (p) |
| a strong man who seized power by force and claimed to rule for the good of the people | tyrant |
| Ancient Greek ruler often called the "father of democracy." He increased the size of the council that governed Athens to 500, and he reorganized Athenian tribes on a geographical rather than familial basis | cleisthenes (p) |
| the type of governing system where all people vote directly on an issue | direct democracy |
| a chief of state ofancient Athens | archon |
| a military formation composed of rows of soldiers standing shoulder to shoulder carrying pikes or heavy spears | phalanx |
| Athenian statesman; he encouraged the spread of democracy in Athens and the growth of the city-state's power | pericles (p) |
| Greek philosopher of Athens; his teaching style was based on asking questions. He wanted people stop question their own beliefs. He was arrested and condemned to death for challenging authority | socrates (p) |
| Greek philosopher; a student of Socrates, he started a school in Athens called the Academy. In The Republic he describes an ideal society run by philosopher-kings. | plato (p) |
| Greek philosopher and student of Plato; he taught that logic was the tool for any necessary inquiry; his work later became the basic for medieval scholasticism | aristotle (p) |
| clear and ordered thinking | reason |
| the process of making inferences | logic |
| Greek poet; he wrote the epic poems the Iliad and the Odyssey, which tell stories set during and after the Trojan War. | homer (p) |
| a type of poetry that gained its name from the lyre, an instrument that played while the poetry was sung | lyric poetry |
| Greek historian; his most famous work is The Histories, which describes major events of the Persian War. | herodotus (p) |
| Greek historian of Athens; he wrote The History of the Peloponnesian War. He is regarded as the first critical historian and is often ranked as the greatest historian of antiquity | thucydides (p) |
| King of Macedon and conqueror or much of Asia; his is considered one of the greatest generals of all time | Alexander the Great (p) |
| the blending of Greek cultures with those of Persia, Egypt, and central Asia following the conquest of Alexander the Great | hellenistic (p) |
| Greek geometer; he created practical book on geometric forms and mathematics. His work formed the basis for later Europeans studies in geometry. | Euclid (p) |
| Greek astronomer and geographer; he calculated the circumference of the globe using carful observation and simple geometry. | Eratosthenes(P) |
| Archimedes(P) |
Created by:
Heather Lynn
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