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chp 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| during the renaissance, people: | sought to bring their age out of disorder and disunity; place a greater emphasis on individual achievement; tried to understand the world with more accuracy |
| during the renaissance there was a new spirit of _____ and _______ | adventure and curiosity |
| what helped encourage trade? | Italys central location in the Mediterranean |
| what was the heart of the italian renaissance? | humanism |
| humanists did what? | focused on worldly issues |
| each city was dominated by who? | a wealthy and powerful merchant family |
| who ruled Florence after 1434? | the Medici family of merchants |
| painters studied what? | human anatomy |
| Leonardo da Vinci was what? | an artist and inventor |
| what was Miichelangelo Buonarroti | a sculptor, engineer, painter, architect, and poet; best known for sculptures such as Diavid and for painting the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel |
| who wrote The Prince? | Niccolo Machiavelli |
| who printed a complete bible? | Johann Gutenburh |
| a prosperous region of cities where the northern renaissance began | flanders |
| who applied techniques to engraving? | albrect Durer |
| a technique in which an artist etches a design on a metal plate using acid | engraving |
| the everyday spoken language of the common people | vernacular |
| an important religious scholar; called for the translation of the Bible into the vernacular | Erasmus |
| who wrote Utopia, which describes an ideal and peaceful society ; an english humanist who pushed for social reforms | Thomas More |
| idealistic of visionary, usually to describe the perfect society | utopian |
| the leading English language poet and playwright of the Renaissance | Shakespeare |
| Northern Renaissance painters focused on what in their art? | realism |
| in the 1400s the paintings of who were filled with rich and realistic design? | Van Eyck |
| who used vibrant colors to portray scenes of peasant life | Pieter Bruegel |
| who blended the realistic tradition of Flemish painters with classical themes? | Rubens |
| northern humanists scholars stressed ____ and _____ | education and classical learning |
| who was one of the major religious scholars of the age? | Erasmus |
| SHakespeare explored the renaissance ideals such as | the complexity of the individual |
| pardons for sins committed during a person's life | indulgences |
| the German monk who triggered the revolt against the Roman Catholic church in 1517 | Martin Luther |
| city in northern germany where Luther drew up his 95 Theses | Wittenburg |
| assembly or legislature | diet |
| a reformer who preacher predestination and the living of a saintly life | John Calvin |
| the idea that God has predetermined who would gain salvation | predestination |
| a government run by religious leaders | theocracy |
| Christian humanists called for what? | a less worldly church, one based more on bible study |
| in the 1300s who had begun protests against the Church in England? | John Wycliff |
| who led a similar protest to John Wycliff? | jan Hus |
| when did Pope Leo X excommunicate Luther? | 1521 |
| what were Luther's teachings | he believed that all Christians had equal access tho God; wanted ordinary people to study the bible |
| Luther's followers took the name what? | protestants |
| after several wars Charles and the princes signed what? | the treaty of augsburg |
| what did the treaty of augsburg say? | each prince chose a religion for his realm - either Catholic of Lutheran |
| a French born priest and lawyer, was strongly influenced by these Reformation ideas | John Calvin |
| protestants saw Geneva as what? | a perfect Christian community |
| a subgroup of a major religious group? | sect |
| king of england; caused england to break away from the catholic church | Henry VIII |
| daughter of Henry and Catherine of Aragon | Mary Tudor |
| first archbishop of the church of england | Thomas Cranmer |
| daughter of Henry VIII; brought a compromise between Catholics and Preotestants | Elizabeth |
| to recognize someone as a saint | canonize |
| an acceptable middle ground | compromise |
| appointed by the pope in 1554 over 20 years, advised about reforms to answer the Protestant challenge | Council of Trent |
| the spanish knight who founded the society of Jesus, or Jesuits | Ignatius of Loyola |
| began an order of nuns, reformed Spanish convents and monasteries | Teresa of Avila |
| a separate section of a city where members of a minority group are forced to live | ghetto |
| Anabaptists rejected what? | the baptism of infants |
| when the pope refused to annul the marriage, | the king took over the english church |
| who did the catholic church canonize? | sir thomas more |
| in 1547 Henry was succeeded by who? | his 9 year old son, Edward |
| Mary Tudor tried to do what after she took over? | restore Catholicism |
| from 1530 to 1540, Pope leo led a movement to reform the Catholic church. this was called the | counter- reformation |
| what was the inquisition | a special court set up during the middle ages |
| what did the inquisition use? | secret testimony, torture, and executions to root out protestant heresy |
| jews face increasing ______ and ________ during the reformation | persecutions and restrictions |
| polish astronomer who proposed a heliocentric model of the universe | Nicolaus Copernicus |
| copernicus's idea that the sun and not the earth was at the center of the universe | heliocentric |
| danish astronomer who collected data to prove that Copernicus was correct | Tycho Brahe |
| mathematician who plotted orbits of planets and discovered they are elliptical | Johannes Kepler |
| the scientist who proved that the Earth moves around the sun | Galileo |
| with descartes, rejected the assumptions of Aristotle; viewed the scientific goal as improving technology, not supporting the bible | francis bacon |
| proposed the need to search provable knowledge; the only assumption he could not question was doubt itself | rene descartes |
| a step by step process of discovery requiring the collection of accurately measured data | scientific method |
| a logical or possible explanation to a problem to be tested using the scientific method | hypothesis |
| explained all matter as being composed of tiny particles that behave in knowable ways; proposed laws governing gases | robert boyle |
| argued that there were uniform laws of nature and that all motions could be measured mathematically | isaac newton |
| proposed by Newton as the force that keeps planets in orbit | gravity |
| a branch of mathematics partially developed by newton | calculus |
| until the mid-1500s Europeans accepted ________ and ________ who believed the Earth was the center of the universe | Ptolemy and Aristotle |
| who perfected the microscope? | anton van leeuwenhoek |
Created by:
fosterwiygul
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