Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Sociology Ch. 5
Society, Social Structure, and Interaction in Everyday Life
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the process by which people act toward or respond to other people | Social Interaction |
| The complex framework of societal institutions (such as the economy, politics, and religion) and the social practices (such as rules and social roles) that make up a society and that organize and establish limits on people's behavior | Social Structure |
| The state of being part insider and part outsider in the social structure | Social Marginality |
| Any physical or social attribute or sign that so devalues a person's social identity that it disqualifies that person from full social acceptance | Stigma |
| A socially defined position in a group or society characterized by certain expectations, rights, and duties | Status |
| Comprises all the statuses that a person occupies at a given time | Status Set |
| A social position conferred at birth or received involuntarily later in life, based on attributes over which the individual has little or no control, such as race/ethnicity, age, and gender | Ascribed Status |
| A social position a person assumes voluntarily as a result of personal choice, merit, or direct effort | Achieved Status |
| The most important status a person occupies | Master Status |
| Material signs that inform others of a person's specific status | Status symbols |
| A set of behavioral expectations associated with a given status | Role |
| A group's or society's definition of the way a specific role ought to be played | Role Expectation |
| How a person actually plays the role | Role Performance |
| Occurs when incompatible role demands are placed on a person by two or more statuses held at the same time | Role Conflict |
| Occurs when incompatible demands are built into a single status that a person occupies | Role Strain |
| Occurs when people consciously foster the impression of a lack of commitment or attachment to a particular role and merely go through the motions of role performance | Role Distancing |
| Occurs when people disengage from social roles that have been central to their self-identity | Role Exit |
| Consists of two or more people who interact frequently and share a common identity and a feeling of interdependence | Social Group |
| A small, less specialized group in which members engage in face-to-face, emotion-based interactions over an extended period of time | Primary Group |
| A larger, more specialized group in which members engage in more-impersonal, goal-oriented relationships for a limited period of time | Secondary Group |
| Refers to a group's ability to maintain itself in the face of obstacles; cohesion | Social Solidarity |
| A series of social relationships that links an individual to others | Social Network |
| A highly structured group formed for the purpose of completing certain tasks or achieving specific goals | Formal Organization |
| A set of organized beliefs and rules that establishes how a society will attempt to meet its basic social needs | Social Institution |
| The methods and tools that are available for acquiring the basic needs of daily life | Subsistence Technology |
| Use simple technology for hunting animals and gathering vegetation | Hunting and Gathering Societies |
| Based on technology that supports the domestication of large animals to provide food | Pastoral Societies |
| Based on technology that supports the cultivation of plants to provide food | Horticultural Societies |
| Remaining settled for longer periods in the same location | Sedentary |
| Use the technology of large-scale farming, including animal-drawn or energy-powered plows and equipment, to produce their food supply | Agrarian Societies |
| Based on technology that mechanizes production | Industrial Societies |
| One in which technology supports a service- and information-based economy | Post-Industrial Society |
| People around the world communicate with one another by cell phone, e-mail, social networking, and the Internet | Global Village |
| A classification scheme containing two or more mutually exclusive categories that are used to compare different kinds of behavior or types of societies | Typology |
| Refers to the social cohesion of preindustrial societies, in which there is minimal division of labor and people feel united by shared values and common social bonds | Mechanical Solidarity |
| The social cohesion found in industrial (and perhaps postindustrial) societies in which people perform very specialized tasks and feel united by their mutual dependence | Organic Solidarity |
| A traditional society in which social relationships are based on personal bonds of friendship and kinship and on intergenerational stability; means "commune" or "community" | Gemeinschaft |
| A large, urban society in which social bonds are based on impersonal and specialized relationships, with little long-term commitment to the group or consensus on values; means "association" | Gesellschaft |
| The ways in which an individual shows an awareness that another is present without making this person the object of particular attention | Civil Inattention |
| Regulates the form and processes (but not the content)of social interaction | Interaction Order |
| The process by which our perception of reality is largely shaped by the subjective meaning that we give to an experience | Social Construction of Reality |
| Analyze a social context in which we find ourselves, determine what is in our best interest, and adjust our attitudes and actions accordingly | Definition of the Situation |
| A false belief or prediction that produces behavior that makes the originally false belief come true | Self-Fulfilling Prophecy |
| The study of the commonsense knowledge that people use to understand the situations in which they find themselves | Enthnomethodology |
| People or folk | Ethno |
| A system of methods | Methodology |
| The study of social interaction that compares everyday life to a theatrical presentation | Dramaturgical Analysis |
| Refers to people's efforts to present themselves to others in ways that are most favorable to their own interests or image | Impression Management (Presentation of Self) |
| Refers to the strategies we use to rescue our performance when we experience a potential or actual loss of face | Face-Saving Behavior |
| A face-saving technique in which one role-player ignores the flaws in another's performance to avoid embarrassment for everyone involved | Studied Nonobservance |
| The area where a player performs a specific role before an audience | Front Stage |
| Shapes the appropriate emotions for a given role or specific situation | Feeling Rules |
| Occurs only in jobs that require personal contact with the public or the production of a state of mine (such as hope, desire, or fear) in others | Emotional Labor |
| The transfer of information between persons without the use of words | Nonverbal Communication |
| How we behave or conduct ourselves | Demeanor |
| the symbolic means by which subordinates give a required permissive response to those in power; it confirms the existence of inequality and reaffirms each person's relationship to the other | Deference |
| The immediate area surrounding a person that the person claims as private | Personal Space |
Created by:
Vanity
Popular Anthropology sets