In each blank, try to type in the
word that is missing. If you've
typed in the correct word, the
blank will turn green.
If your not sure what answer should be entered, press the space bar and the next missing letter will be displayed. When you are all done, you should look back over all your answers and review the ones in red. These ones in red are the ones which you needed help on. Term: Bank Specimens - Special Requirements:Definition: Require collection of one or more Lavender or Pink EDTA tubes. In some cases a non-additive glass Red Stopper tube is used. Term: Blood Bank Specimens - and Labeling Errors: Definition: Strict Patient Identification & Specimen Labeling is Required if there are Errors: Incompatible blood product and of a Fatal Transfusion Reaction. Term: Bank Specimens - Identification and Labeling RequirementsDefinition: 1. ID of Patient .
2. MR number on all corresponding blood collections from this Patient.
3. A unique number that only on bracelet of patient and all blood products match and verified. Term: Blood Bank - Blood Product Validation initiated by gathering 4 key facts:Definition: 1. The clinicians ID (scanned from bar code ID)
2. Patients ID (Scanned from wrist band)
3. Blood Products unique Donor ID bar code
4. Products bar code on Blood Unit Term: Blood Bank Specimens - Blood Definition: Patient Identification can require a second Nurse validation. Term: Type, , and Cross-Match - Process: Definition: >Most Common Test Performed by Blood Bank
>Blood Type(A, AB, B, O)
>Screen Rh Factor (+ or, - )
Cross Match is performed by the type and screen results to select donor unit of blood. Term: Type, , and Cross-Match - Procedure:Definition: Patient's Plasma or Serum and the Donor's RBCs are mixed together to determine . Term: Type, Screen, and -Match - ImcompatibleDefinition: A Transfusion of incompatible can be Fatal because Agglutination (Clumping) and Lysis (rupturing) of RBCs within Patients Circulatory System. Term: Blood Bank Specimens - CollectionDefinition: Requires Special Training and Venipuncture Skills. Term: Blood Bank Specimens - Bank Guidelines Agency: Definition: American Association of Blood (AABB)- Quality Assurance & Standardization.
Term: Bank Specimens - Blood Bank Regulating Agency:Definition: U.S. Food and Drug (FDA) - Regulates the Blood Bank because Blood and Blood Products are considered Pharmaceuticals. Term: Blood Bank Specimens - Donor Definition: Ages 17-66 years of age and weigh at least 110 lbs. Minors must have written permission from parents. Over 66 may donate at the discretion of the Blood Bank . Term: Blood Bank Specimens - and Preservative:Definition: CPD - Citrate-Phospaate-Dextrose or CPDAI is CPD with Adenine. Used in Blood Bank collected units of Blood for Transfusion purposes. Term: -Phosphate-Dextrose CPD
or
Citrate-Phosphate-Dextrose-Adenine CPDAIDefinition: Citrate: prevents clotting by Chelating Calcium
Phosphate: Stabilizes pH
Dextrose: provides energy/food for the to keep them alive. Term: Bank - Lookback Program:Definition: All components of the unit of blood must be traceable to the Donor mandated Federally. It requires notification to all recipients if the products are positive for Transmissible Disease. Term: Blood Bank - Autologous Definition: Is a by which a person donates blood for their own use. Minimum time between donation and surgery 72hours. Must have written permission from Physician to make a Autologous Donation. Term: Blood - Bacteremia or SepticemiaDefinition: Bacteria in the blood or microorganisms or the their toxins in the . Term: Blood - Help to determine:Definition: The and extent of infection as well of indicating the type of organism responsible and the antibiotic to which it is most susceptible. Term: Blood - Should be ordered:Definition: On the basis of the patients has a condition in which bloodstream invasion is possible not solely based on If there is a Fever of Unknown Origin (UFO). Term: Blood Cultures - Typically when: Definition: Immediately before or after anticipated spikes, which is when bacteria is most likely to be present. Term: Blood Cultures - Definition: Timely Collection is essential. Best time to detect 30 minutes to 2 1/2 hours prior to fever spike. Term: Blood Cultures - Specimen Requirements as by the ASM American Society of Microbiology: Definition: 2 - 4 cultures for optimal detection of bacteremia and fungemia. Draw 30 - 60 min apart. Each Set own site (only 2 /draw site) Sometimes 2nd site cultures drawn 30 min apart. Term: Coagulation Specimens - Light Blue Definition: Sodium Citrate for Coagulation must be filled until vacuum is exhaustes to obtain a 9:1 ratio of blood to Anticoagulant. Term: Specimens - If Hemoglobin is High or Low:Definition: A Blue Stopper CTAT tube is best. Withe the Sodium Citrate it Theophylline, adenosine and dipyridamol to inhibit Thrombocyte activation between Collection and performance of test. Term: Coagulation - V & VIII Coagulation Factors:Definition: Not Stable should be in ice slurry during . If test can not be done in a timely manner then Centrifuge and Freeze Plasma. Term: Coagulation - Catheter CollectionDefinition: CLSI recommends draw/discard 5mL of or 6 x dead space volume of catheter before collection. If Heparin used: Rinse with 5mL Saline, then Discard 5mL of then draw. Term: 2-Hour Glucose (2-hourPP)Definition: 2 hours after meal Glucose Draw in Grey (Sodium ) Stopper Tube. In Diabetic patients Glucose levels will be significantly increased. Term: 2-Hour Postprandial (2-hourPP) - Preparation:Definition: 1. Patient on High Carb diet 2-3 days
2. Fast min of 10 hours
3. Fasting Glucose may be collected start of test. Term: 2-Hour Postprandial Glucose (2-hourPP) - of Test:Definition: 1. Patient diet 100g glucose
2. Glucose specimen collected 2 hours after meal. Term: Tolerance Test (GTT)Definition: is use to diagnose problems of carb metabolism. Evaluating the body's ability to metabolize glucose by monitoring to high levels of glucose without adverse effects. Term: Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT) - Two Disorders involving Glucose Metabolism:Definition: 1. Diabetes Mellitus, Hyperglycemia the blood glucose level is increased.
2. Hypoglycemia blood glucose levels are . Term: Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT) - :Definition: The response to a measured dose for glucose by recording glucose levels on specimens collected at specific time intervals. Term: Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT) - :Definition: 1 hour for Diabetes and 3 hours for other glucose metabolism evaluations. Term: Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT) - Consistency Definition: If specimen venipuncture then all taken via venipuncture. If taken via skin puncture then all taken via skin puncture Term: Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT) - Preparation & (Time Intevals 30min, 1hr, 2hr...)Definition: 1. 150g of carb for 3 days before test.
2. Fast for at least 12 - 16 hours prior to test.
Drink plenty of H2O through out.
3. Fast Drink determined dose of glucose beverage within 5 minutes
4. Collect GTT specimens the for the Time interval. Term: Lactose Test (LTT) - & GTTDefinition: >It is suggested that a 2-hour GTT be performed the day before the Lactose Tolerance Test.
>A 2-hour Lactose Tolerance Test is performed in the same manner as the GTT; however, and equal amount of is substituted for glucose. Term: Lactose Tolerance Test (LTT)- SamplesDefinition: Samples for glucose are drawn at the same times used in the previous GTT Test. Term: Lactose Tolerance Test (LTT) - Lactase:Definition: If the has mucosal lactase, the resulting glucose curve will be similar the GTT curve. Term: Tolerance Test (LTT) - No Lactase Enzyme:Definition: The patient is then Lactose intolerant, glucose levels will rise only slightly from the fasting level, resulting in a Flat . Term: / Parenting Testing - Results:Definition:
exclude the possibility of paternity rather than paternity. Term: Paternity / Parenting - Chain of custody & Specific Id procedures:Definition: 1. Sample Testing: ABO and Rh Typing, if not excluded then a Red cell antigen test is performed.
2. Cheek Samples
3. DNA Term: Paternity / Parenting - Before infant is born:Definition: 1. Amniocentesis
2. Chorionic sampling (fetal portion of placenta) Term: Therapeutic Drug (TDM)Definition: The testing of drug levels at specific intervals used in management of being treated with certain drugs in order to help establish drug dosage. Term: Drug Monitoring (TDM) - Drug Dosage Management:Definition: maintain the dosage at a therapeutic (beneficial , and avoid drug toxicity. Term: Drug Monitoring (TDM) - Peal Level
(max level)CollectionDefinition: For a drug to be beneficial the peak level must not exceed toxic level - Peak times 30 min after intravenous, 60min after intramuscular, 1-2 after oral Term: Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) - Level (min level)CollectionDefinition: Must remain within the therapeutic range to help in . Collected usually immediately prior to administration of the next scheduled dose. Term: Drug Monitoring (TDM) - Timing of CollectionsDefinition: with drugs that have a short half life.
Timing less critical with drugs having a longer half life. Term: PhlebotomyDefinition: Withdrawal of large volumes of blood that as in medical conditions like: Polycythemia & Hemochromatosis Term: `Therapeutic Phlebotomy - Definition: Over production of RBCs - most common reason for performing therapeutic phlebotomy, letting. Term: Phlebotomy - HemochromatosisDefinition: Excess Iron deposits in tissues. removal of single units of blood from the patient gradually depletes iron stores, the body then uses the iron to make new RBCs. Term: Toxicology Definition: Clinical Toxilogy is with the detection of toxins and treatment for the effects they produce Term: Toxicology Specimens - Definition: is concerned with the legal consequences of exposure, both intentional and accidental. Term: Toxicology Specimens - Forensic Chain of Definition: Detailed documentation that tracks the specimen from the collection to time that results are reported. The Specimens must be for at all times. Incomplete doc. could compromise legal actions. Term: Toxicology - ETOHDefinition: Blood Alcohol (Ethanol) Term: Specimens - BAC Blood Alcohol ConcentrationDefinition: Law enforcement agencies order BAC on drunk drivers, or suspected drinkers in car . Term: Toxicology Specimens - Skin Definition: Do NOT use alcohol wipe for a ETOH. Most commonly used is Povidone-Iodine and Chloride. Term: Toxicology Specimens - Specimen Definition: A Glass Grey Stopper Sodium Fluoride Tube w/or anticoagulant. Exhaust Vacuum and fill tube to top. Glass preferred due to porous nature of plastic tubes. Term: Toxicology - Drug ScreeningDefinition: Testing is typically performed on Urine rather than blood because it is easy to and a wide variety of drugs or their metabolites can be detected in urine for a longer period of time. Term: Toxicology - Drug Screening and Chain of Custody ProtocolDefinition: There are legal implication to drug screening and chain of custody protocol required regardless if the test is performed for legal reason. Term: Toxicology Specimens - National Institute of Drug Patient Preparation RequirementsDefinition: >Explain the test purpose and procedure
>Advise the patient of legal rights
>Obtain a witnessed, signed consent Term: Trace or MetalsDefinition: , Arsenic, Copper, Lead, Iron, and Zinc Term: Elements - Must be collected in special Trace Element free tubes.Definition: Typically Royal Blue Stopper and contain EDTA, Heparin or No Additive. Noted on the label and color coded: Lavender for EDTA and for Heparin. Term: Elements - When ordered:Definition: It is best to draw it by it's self. using a /tube assembly. Term: Cultures - Specimen Requirements as cited by the ASM American Society of Microbiology: Definition: 1%-4% of infant to young children total blood volume to be drawn. Those weighing 80lbs or more 20-30mL per with min. 10mL per draw. Term: Blood Cultures - Specimens in Sets of 2Definition: 1 aerobic & 1 anaerobic. With syringe: Anaerobic bottle 1st then Aerobic 2nd. With Butterfly: Aerobic 1st to pull out air in then Anaerobic 2nd. Term: Blood Cultures - Collection Procedure using Skin .Definition: Skin Antisepsis: the destruction of microorganisms on the skin critical at draw site before drawing for Blood Culture. Circles 3-4 inches in diam. Term: Blood Cultures - Skin .Definition: 30-60 friction scrub to get the bacteria the deatd skin cells with Chlorhexidine gluconate and providone/70% ethyl alcohol combination. Term: Blood Cultures - According to the CLSI Clinical Laboratory Institute:Definition: Chlorhexidine gluconate is the recommended blood site disinfectant for infants 20 months or older and patients with iodine sensitivity. Term: Blood Cultures - Collection Procedure After Skin :Definition: >Remove lid to blood cultures - clean
>Mark Min & Max fill on bottles
>Apply tourniquet, perform >Inoculate the Culture medium
>Invert Bottle several times Term: Cultures - Media Inoculation Methods:Definition: >Direct Inoculation - Syringe & Venipuncture - then Aerobic
> Butterfly Aerobic - Anaerobic.
> Intermediate - Yellow Top SPS Tube Term: Blood Cultures - Definition: OSHA requires the use of a safety Transfer Term: Blood Cultures - Intermediate Collection MethodDefinition: Use of a Top SPS tube as an intermediate for inoculation Is discouraged Term: Antimicrobial Neutralization Definition: patients on Antimicrobial (antibiotic) therapy at time of blood cultures which inhibits the their growth so using FAN or ARD provides a medium that neutralize the . Term: Antimicrobial Neutralization - ARDDefinition: Removal Device: contains a resin that removes antimicrobial's from the blood. Term: Neutralization Products - FANDefinition: Fastidious Antimicrobial Neutralization: contain activated charcoal, neutralizes the antibiotic. Term: Tolerance Test (LTT) - False PositivesDefinition: result have been in patients with: Small bowel resections, slow gastric emptying, Crohn's disease, and Cystic Fibrosis. Term: Tolerance Test (GTT) - In Patients with Normal Glucose levels:Definition: Blood Glucose levels speak with in 30 minutes to 1 hour following glucose ingestion. The peak in levels triggers the release of insulin which brings glucose levels back down to fasting levels within 2 hours now glucose spills over into urine. Term: Toxicology Specimens - National of Drug Abuse Specimen Collection RequirementsDefinition: >A special area for urine collection
>A proctor present at collection for verification of specimen coming from patient
>Label to establish chain of custody ID
>Specimen , locked container for transport.
>Doc maintained from Courier to Receiver. |
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