Chap 18 Urinary Syst Word Scramble
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Question | Answer |
The urinary system consists of 2 what? | Kidneys and 2 ureters |
The urinary system also consists of a ____ and _________? | Bladder and urethra |
What is the function of the kidneys? | To form urine |
What is urine? | Waste products of cells |
What are some other functions of the kidneys? | Regulate blood pressure, regulate electrolytes and regulate Ph. |
How is blood pressure regulated by the kidneys? | By excreting or conserving water. |
How are electrolytes regulated? | By excreting or conserving minerals and salts |
How is the Ph regulated by the kidneys? | By excreting or conserving ions |
What is the location of the kidneys? | Superior posterior abdominal cavity under the lower ribs on both sides of the spine. |
The kidneys are embedded in what type of tissue? | Adipose tissue |
Why are the kidneys embedded in adipose tissue? | For protection |
The kidneys are covered with what? | Renal fascia |
The renal fascia that covers the kidneys holds what purpose? | To hold the kidneys in place |
The medial indentation where structures enter and exit the kidney is called? | Hilus |
The Hilus is made of what? | Veins, arteries, nerves and the ureter. |
The functional unit of the kidneys is called? | A nephron |
The nephron forms urine from the? | Blood |
How many nephrons can be found in each kidney? | 1 million |
What are the two major parts of the nephron? | Renal corpuscles, renal tubule |
The capillary network that starts from an afferent arteriole and ends as an efferent arteriole? | Glomerulus |
The afferent arteriole is? | Incoming |
The efferent arteriole is? | Outgoing |
The efferent arteriole is______ than the afferent? | Smaller |
Why is the efferent arteriole smaller? | To increase the blood pressure in the glomerulus. |
What surrounds the glomerulus? | Bowmans capsule |
Renal filtrate eventually becomes? | Urine |
Continuation of the outer glomerular capsule is called the? | Renal tubule |
What are the three parts of the Renal tubule? | Proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, Distal convoluted tubule |
The renal tubule is covered in? | Peritubular capilaries |
The peritubular capilaries arise from what? | Efferent arterioles |
The distal tubules of several nephrons empty into what? | Collecting tubules |
Several collecting tubules converge to form a what? | Papillary duct |
What are the three major urine formation processes? | Glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorbtion and tubular secretion. |
The processes of blood pressure forcing plasma, dissolved substances and small proteins out of glomeruli into Bowman's capsules is called? | Glomerular filtration |
Glomerular filtration rate is the amount of renal filtrate formed in? | 1 min |
99% of filtrate is reabsorbed in this step? | tubular reabsorbtion |
65% of the reabsorbtion takes place in the proximal convoluted what? | Tubules |
The remaining reabsorbtion takes place in the ______ of __________? | Loop of Henle |
What uses ATP to actively transport useful materials from the filtrate back to the blood? | Active Transport |
What type of transport does not require energy? | Passive transport |
During ___________ water follows solutes? | Osmosis |
The active process where larger molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane of the proximal convoluted tubule is called? | Pinocytosis |
Proteins in urine are a sign of what? | Kidney failure |
The active transport from the peritubular capillaries to the renal tubules is called? | Tubular secretion |
Aldosterone will do what to the reabsorbtion of Na+ and the excretion of K+ and BP? | Increase Na+ and K+ and also increase BP |
Atrial natriuretic peptide will do what to the reabsorption of Na+ and BP? | Decrease Na+ and BP |
Antidiuretic hormone will do what to the reabsorption of H2O and BP? | Increase H2O and BP |
Kidneys are the main factor in blood __? | Ph |
Secretion of renin is what? | A function of the kidneys |
Secretion of renin leads to release of angiotensis II and? | Aldosterone |
Renin ends up doing what to BP? | Increasing it |
Secretion of erythropoietin is another function of the kidneys and it stimulates the production of? | Red blood cells |
The paired tubes that go from each hilus to posteroinferior urinary bladder are called? | Ureters |
The smooth muscle in the ureters move urine with? | Peristalsis |
As the bladder fills if compresses the inferior ureter to prevent what? | Back flow |
The muscular sac below the peritoneum posterior to the pubic bone is called? | Urinary bladder |
The urinary bladder holds up to? | 800 mL of urine |
What type of epithelium permits expansion of the urinary bladder? | Transitional epithelium |
The smooth muscle layer superficial to epithelium is called? | Detrusor muscle |
What shape is the detrusor muscle? | Sphere shaped |
The fibers of the detrusor muscle are called? | Internal urethral sphincter |
The muscles of the detrusor are? | Involuntary |
The single tube from bladder to vagina or penis is called? | Urethra |
The external urethral sphincter is made of what type of muscle? | Skeletal muscle |
The skeletal muscle of the external urethral sphincter is? | Voluntary |
The urethra is _________ in men? | Longer |
The urethra in men is divided into three parts what are they called? | Prostatic urethra, membronous, and cavernous (spongy) |
The urethra in men carried what? | Urine and semen |
Another name for urination is? | Micturition or voiding |
Urination is stimulated by the ___________ of the detrusor muscle? | Stretching |
Urination can be __________ voluntarily? | Overridden |
A sensation to urinate is generated at how many mL's? | 200-400 |
The normal daily output of urine is? | 2 L |
What is the definition of Oliguria? | Decreased urination |
What is the definition of Polyuria? | Increased urination |
Oliguria is caused by what? | Sweating, and decreased fluid intake |
Polyuria is caused by what? | Diabetes, excess fluid intake, alcohol, caffeine, and diuretics |
The yellow byproduct of bile breakdown is called? | Urochrome |
Urochrome is another name for the ____________ of urine? | Color |
When urochrome is more concentrated it will be? | Darker |
When urochrome is dilute it will be? | Lighter |
Freshly voided urine should be? | Clear not cloudy |
What % of urine is water? | 95% |
What % of urine is excess salts and waste products? | 5% |
What is formed in the liver from the breakdown of AA's? | Urea |
What is formed when there is a breakdown of creatine phosphate in muscles? | Creatinine |
What is formed when there is a breakdown of nucleic acids? | Uric acid |
What is formed from hemoglobin of dead RBC's? | Urobilin |
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