BIO202-CH16-Pancreas Word Scramble
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Question | Answer |
The __ gland is a mixed gland composed of both endocrine & exocrine gland cells. | Pancreas |
__ cells, forming the bulk of the pancreas, produce enzyme-rich juice for the small intestine. | Acinar |
The pancreatic islets produce which hormones? | Alpha (a) = glucagon & Beta (b) cells = insulin |
Alpha cells of the pancreatic islets produce what? | Glucagon |
Beta cells of the pancreatic islets produce what? | Insulin |
Insulin is a __ glycemic hormone. | hypo |
Glucagon is a __ glycemic hormone. | hyper |
The major target of glucagon is the __. | Liver |
When glucose levels fall, alpha cells do what? | Secrete glucagon |
Rising blood glucose levels suppress? | Glucagon release |
Insulin is cleaved from a polypeptide chain called __. | Proinsulin |
Insulin inhibits breakdown of __ to __. | Glycogen to glucose |
Insulin __ glucose levels & glucagon __ them. | Lowers, raises |
Insulin does what in the body? | Causes glucose to be used for energy, converts extra to glycogen or fats, & promotes protein synthesis & fat. |
Pancreatic beta cells are stimulated to secrete __ due to increase glucose levels. | Insulin - causes secretion of this hormone |
What, besides glucose levels, triggers insulin release? | Release of acetylcholine by parasympathetic nerve fibers. |
Somatostatin __ insulin release. | depresses |
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) results from __ of insulin. | hyposecretion or hypoactivity of insulin. |
When insulin is absent or deficient, blood glucose __. | levels remain high after a meal because glucose cannot enter most tissue cells. |
What is glycosuria? | In diabetes mellitus, where excess glucose is excreted in urine. |
What is lipidemia? | High fatty acid levels in the blood due to mobilized fats being used as cellular fuel. |
In Diabetes Mellitus (DM), __ accumulates in blood, resulting in ketoacidosis. | ketones or ketone bodies |
The 3 cardinal signs of diabetes mellitus are? | Polyuria, polydipsia, & polyphagia |
Severe ketoacidosis is life-threatening why? | Disrupts heart activity & oxygen transport, & severe depression of NS = coma & death. |
What is polyuria? | Huge urine output - osmotic diuretic. |
What is polydipsia? | Excessive thirst due to dehydration. |
What is polyphagia? | Excessive hunger & food consumption. |
Hyperinsulinism results in what? | Low blood glucose levels - hypoglycemia - can cause disorientation & death - results from overdose of insulin - eat sugar. |
Another name for "Type 1 diabetes" Mellitus | IDDM - insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. |
What is destroyed in Type 1 DM? | Beta cells by autoimmune response. |
Type 1 DM is an example of __. | Multi-gene autoimmune response - perhaps due to virus similar to beta cells. |
Type 1 DM totally lack __. | insulin activity |
90% of DM cases are type __ DM. | Type 2 - non-insulin dependent |
Type 2 DM involves insulin __. | resistance - insulin receptors are unable to respond. |
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