I. Anat 10 Word Scramble
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Question | Answer |
System that secretes hormones | Endocrine |
Endocrine glands secrete directly into | the blood stream or interstitial space |
Endocrine glands to not have__ | Ducts |
Chemicals that bring about change in the body | Hormones |
Hormones have specific affects on certain areas called | Target organs |
Variations of the AA thyrosine | Amines |
A subgroup of amines | Catecholamines |
Epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine are all | Catecholamines |
Long chains of AA | Proteins |
Group including insulin, GH, and calcitonin | Proteins Protein just with shorter chains |
Group including ADH and oxytocin | Peptide |
Cholesterol derivatives | Steroids |
Cortisol, estrogen, progesterone and testosterone are all | Steroids |
Cells of the endocrine system respond to ___changes, ____or ___stimulation | Chemical, hormones, NS |
When a hormone brings abut its affect, the hormone is inhibited | Negative feedback |
Released in order to cause other hormones to be released | Releasing hormones |
Some hormones have an ____ that affects tissue in an ___ way | Antagonistic pair, opposite |
Hypophysis aka | Pituitary gland |
Pituitary hangs by short stalk called | Infundibulum |
Pituitary enclosed in | Sella turcica |
Pea sized gland | Pituitary |
# of parts of pituitary | 2 |
Parts of pituitary | Anterior, posterior |
Neurophysis aka | Posterior pituitary |
Extends from the nerve tissue of the hypothalamus | Posterior pituitary |
2 hormones produced from posterior pituitary | Antidiuretic and oxytocin |
ADH | Antidiuretic hormone |
Antidiuretic hormone aka | Vasopressin |
Helps maintain BP | ADH |
ADH is ___hormone | Peptide |
ADH ___ urine formation | decreases |
Release of ADH is stimulated by ____ in water concentration | Low |
Water concentration is monitored by____ | Osmoreceptors |
During major blood loss ADH is released in large amounts causing | Vasoconstriction |
Alcohol intake ___ ADH secretion | Decreases |
Oxytocin is a ___ hormone | Peptide |
Oxytocin stimulates______as cervix stretches, triggers hypothalamus which releases more oxytocin | Uterine contraction |
Released from the ____ in addition to the pituitary toward the end of pregnancy | Placenta |
Infant sucking stimulated the hypothalamus which triggers___ form the pituitary triggering milk___ | Oxytocin, release |
Adenohypophysis aka | Anterior pituitary |
Anterior pituitary is made of ___ tissue | Glandular |
Glandular tissue has no___ | Nerve tract |
Anterior pituitary regulated by releasing hormones from the ___ | Hypothalamus |
Anterior pituitary releasing hormone released through the hypophysial portal system | |
Somatotroipin aka | Growth hormone GH |
Anterior pituitary stimulates cells to produce ____that bring about the functions of GH | IGF IGF |
GH increase the transport of __ | AA |
GH increases the rate of____ | Protein synthesis |
GH stimulates__ (repair and growth) | Mitosis |
GH aids in converting ____ to carbohydrates for energy | Lipids |
__ is active in all ages | GH |
GH is regulated by 2 releasing hormones from the hypothalamus | GHRH and GHIH |
GHRH | Growth hormone releasing hormone |
GHIH | Growth hormone inhibiting hormone |
GHIH aka | Somatostatin |
GHRH ____ the secretion of GH | Increase |
GHIH____ the secretion of GH | Decrease |
GHRH produced during____ | Hypoglycemia and exercise |
GHIG produced during___ | Hyperglycemia |
____levels of AA in the blood also stimulated the secretion of GH | |
TSH | Thyroid stimulating hormone |
Thyroid stimulating hormone aka | Thyrotropin |
TSH stimulates the release of __ | Thyroxine |
TRH | Thyrotropin releasing hormone |
TRH produced when metabolic rate ___ | Slows |
ACTH | Adrenocorticotropic hormone |
ACTH stimulates the release of hormones from the ___ | Adrenal cortex |
CRH | Corticoptropin releasing hormone |
ACTH secretion is increased by____ | Corticotropin releasing hormone |
CRH is produced during physical stress | |
Initiates and maintains milk production | Prolactin |
PRH | Prolactin releasing hormone |
PIH | Prolactin inhibiting hormone |
PRH___secretion | Increase |
PIH____secretions | Decrease |
FSH | Follicle stimulating hormone |
FSH stimulates the growth of the ____ (in women) | Ovarian follicle |
FSH stimulates the growth of ____production (in men) | Sperm |
GnRh | Gonadotropin releasing hormone |
GnRh ____production of FSH | Increases |
Inhibin form ovaries or testes___secretion | decreases |
LH | Luteinizing hormone |
LH stimulates the follicle to ovulate and develop into the ____ (in women) | Corpus Luteum |
LH stimulates ____ cells to secrete testosterone in men (where it gets the name ICSH) | Interstitial |
ICSH | Interstitial cell stimulating hormone |
GnRh ____the secretion of LH | increases |
Located anterior and bilateral to the trachea just inferior to the larynx | Thyroid |
Thyroid gland has # lobes | 2 |
Thyroid glad lobes are connected by | Isthmus |
Structural unit of the thyroid gland | Thyroid follicles T3 contains # iodine molecules |
T4 contains # iodine molecules | 4 |
Enlarged thyroid | Goiter |
Increases energy production and protein synthesis | Thyroid gland |
Thyroid release is stimulated by TSH form the ______ | Anterior pituitary |
Maintains normal blood levels of calcium ad phosphate by decreasing Reabsorption of calcium and phosphate | Calcitonin |
Maintains normal blood levels of calcium ad phosphate by decreasing Reabsorption of calcium and phosphate____blood levels | Increasing |
Calcitonin is stimulated by___ | Hypercalcemia |
2 glands on the posterior of each lobe of the thyroid gland | Parathyroid |
PTH | Parathyroid gland |
Antagonist to calcitonin | PTH |
Antagonist to calcitonin thus___blood calcium and phosphate level | Increasing |
Targets bones, small intestines and kidneys | PTH |
PTH _____ demineralization and absorption from food | Increases |
PTH stimulated by ____ | Hypercalcemia |
Located in LUQ | Pancreas |
This is classified as endocrine AND exocrine | Pancreas |
Function al units are islets of Langerhans /pancreatic islets that are made of two cells | Pancreas |
Function al units are islets of Langerhans/pancreatic islets that are made of two cells called | Alpha and beta |
___cells produce insulin | Beta |
___cells produce glucogon | Alpha |
Stimulates liver to begin ___ and use lipids and AA for energy | Glycogenesis |
Stimulating the liver to begin Glycogenesis and use lipids and AA for energy is called | Glucogenesis |
Sugar production | Glucogenesis |
Glucogon is stimulated by___ | Hypoglycemia |
Glucogon rhyme | When glucose is gone, glucogon |
Decreases blood sugar | Insulin |
Insulin decreases blood sugar by increasing permeability of cells to glucose and stimulating___ in the liver and muscles | Glycogenesis |
Insulin is stimulated by___ | Hyperglycemia |
The _____ (3) do not need insulin to absorb glucose | Brain liver and kidneys |
Adrenal glands aka | Suprarenal |
Located at the top of each kidney | Adrenal glands |
Adrenal glands are divided into # parts | 2 |
Adrenal gland parts are | Medulla and cortex |
Sympathetic nervous system | Fight or flight |
Mimic the effect of the SNS | Sympathomimetic |
Stimulated by the SNS | Adrenal medulla |
Adrenal medulla secretes ____ and____ | epinephrine, norepinephrine Epinephrine aka |
Norepinephrine aka | Noradrenaline |
Subclass of amines | Catecholamines |
Released in small amounts | Norepinephrine |
Causes vasoconstriction in skin, viscera, and skeletal m | Norephinephrine |
Secreted in large amounts | Epinephrine |
Increases heart rate and force of contractions | Epinephrine |
Vasoconstriction in skin and viscera | Epinephrine |
Vasodilatation in skeletal muscle | Epinephrine |
Epinephrine causes vaso____ in skeletal muscle | Constriction |
Epinephrine ____ bronchioles | Dilates |
Epinephrine ____ peristalsis | Decreases |
Epinephrine ____ glycogenolysis (energy) | Increases |
Epinephrine ____ Glucogenesis from lipids | Increases |
Epinephrine ____ cell respiration (into ATP) | Increases |
Stronger that the SNS | Epinephrine |
Secretes 3 types of steroid hormones | Adrenal cortex |
3 types of steroid hormones | Mineralcorticoids, glucocorticoids, sex hormones |
Sex hormones (2) | Estrogens, Androgens |
___hormones are produced in small amounts | Sex |
Does the same as ADH | Aldosterone |
The most abundant mineralcorticoid | Aldosterone |
Aldosterone primary target is the ___ | Kidneys |
Aldosterone ____ Reabsorption of Na+ | Increases |
Aldosterone ___blood volume and BP | Increases |
Aldosterone ____excretion of K+ | Increases |
Kidneys secrete ___ when BP decrease | Renin |
Renin causes plasma protein ____ to be made | Angiotensin II |
Angiotensin II causes____ and causes the adrenal cortex to release Aldosterone | Vasoconstriction |
What do lysozymes do | Destroy |
___ is a glugocorticoid | Cortisol |
Increases glucogenesis from lipids and excess AA | Glucose sparing |
Conserve3s glucose for use by the brain | Cortisol |
___ cells cannot convert other molecules n to glucose like other tissue types | Brain |
___ensures that available glucose gets used by the brain | Cortisol |
Blocks histamines | Anti-inflammatory |
Histamine increases capillary____ and allows lysozymes to spread | Permeability |
Corticosteroids are modeled after____ | Cortisol |
Cortisol is released during times of ____ or ____stress | Physical, psychological |
ACTH from ____pituitary | Anterior |
Estrogen is a ___ | Steroid |
Secretes from the follicle cells and placenta during pregnancy | Estrogen |
Is increased by FSH | Estrogen |
Promotes maturation of the ovum and endometrium | Estrogen |
Promotes secondary sex characteristics in women | Estrogen |
Aids in growth of duct system in mammary glands | Estrogen Aid in growth of uterus |
Aids in deposition of ___ tissue in hips and thighs | Fat |
Aids in closure of growth plates in long bones | Estrogen |
Lowers blood cholesterol and triglycerides | Estrogen |
In med ___ is converted into estrogen | Testosterone |
Progesterone is a ___ | Steroid |
Secreted from the corpus luteum and placenta during pregnancy | Progesterone |
Promotes glycogensis | Progesterone |
Promotes maturation of endothelium | Progesterone |
Promotes development of secretory cells of memory glands | Progesterone |
Inhibin is a ___ | Protein |
Decreases FSH and GnRh | Inhibin |
Testosterone is a __ | Steroid |
Secreted by interstitial cells | Testosterone |
Stimulated by LH | Testosterone |
Promotes sperm maturation | Testosterone |
Promotes secondary sex characteristics in males | Testosterone |
Aids in growth of facial hair | Testosterone |
Aids in enlargement of larynx | Testosterone |
Aids in hypertrophy of skeletal muscle | Testosterone |
Aids in closure of the growth plate in long bones | Testosterone |
Secreted by sustentacular cells | Inhibin |
Stimulated by testosterone | Inhibin |
Decreases FSH | Inhibin |
Hormone that helps you sleep and increases duration | Melatonin |
Produced in pineal gland | Melatonin |
Hormone increased during darkness | Melatonin |
PG | Prostaglandins |
Made in virtually all cells from phospholipids of their cell membranes | Prostaglandins |
Hormone that is local and does not circulate in the blood | Prostaglandins |
Hormones bond to ___ on target cells | Receptors |
Only___ cells have the receptors | Target |
Receptors are in the ___, ____, and____ | Cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus |
Protein hormones are the ___ mechanism | Messenger |
Messengers stimulate a ___ | Response |
First messenger-protein hormones bond to ____ receptors on the ___ | Surface, membrane |
cAMP | Cyclic adenosinemonophosphate |
CAMP is the ___ messenger | Second |
Causes specific response specific to that cell based on enzymes within the cell | cAMP |
Steroids are ___soluble | Lipid |
Steroids___ through cell membrane | Defuse |
Steroids combine with receptors in the ___ | Cytoplasm |
The steroid protein complex enters the___ | Nucleus |
Steroids activate specific ____to initiate___ and then___ | Genes, transcription, translation |
Created by:
Sarsileigh
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