I. Anat 9 Word Scramble
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Question | Answer |
Provide us with information about our surrounding | the senses |
Sensory pathways # parts | 4 |
Detect stimuli and generate impulses | Receptors |
Types of stimuli | Pressure, temperature, pain, light |
Functionally related bundles of fibers in the white matter of the spinal cord or brain | Sensory tracts |
Usually in the cerebral cortex | Sensory areas |
Perception of sensation in any given area | Projection |
Perception of a pain in an area that doesn’t exist | Phantom pain |
Number of receptors stimulated and the amount of stimulation in each | Intensity |
Effect of a precious or simultaneous sensation on a current sensation | Contrast |
Becoming less aware if continuous impulses with continued stimulation | Adaptation |
Sensation remains in the consciousness after the stimulus has stopped | after image |
Cutaneous senses | Skin |
___ nerve endings detect heat, cold, pain | Free |
___ nerve endings detect touch and pressure | Encapsulated |
Sensory areas in the skin are in the ___lobe | Parietal |
Sensitivity is determined by the ___ | Number of receptors present |
Pain from a visceral organ felt in a cutaneous area | Referred pain |
Detect stretching | Stretch receptors |
General (conscious) sensation is felt in ___ lobe | Parietal |
Subconscious muscle sense detected in ___ lobe | Cerebellum |
Taste receptors | Taste buds |
Detect chemicals in food dissolved in saliva | Chemoreceptors |
Chemoreceptors are found | in papillae on the tongue |
Taste is enhanced by___ | Smell |
Taste impulses are transmitted by ____ and ___ nerves | Facial, glossopharyngeal |
Olfactory receptors are ____ receptors | Chemo |
Detect vaporized chemicals in the upper nasal cavity | Olfactory receptors |
Hunger and thirst: visceral sensation triggered by___ | Internal changes |
For hunger, detects ___ | Blood nutrient levels, hormones including glucose |
For thirst, detects___ | Water concentration |
Hunger sensation ___ if we don’t eat when adipose tissue is used for nutrients | Decreases |
Thirst will __ is not satisfied | worsen |
Eyelids and lacrimal apparatus are__ structures | Accessory |
Eyelids are controlled by ___ muscle | Skeletal |
Protection, lubrication, cleaning | Eyelids |
Prevent dust | eyelids |
Thin membrane that lines the eyelid and covers sclera | Conjunctiva |
Produce tears | Lacrimal glands |
Superior and lateral to the eye within the orbit (cavity) | Lacrimal gland |
Lacrimal ducts release tears and blinking___ | Spreads them |
Tears are ___% NaCl | 1 |
Tears contain | Lysozymes |
Lysozymes | Clean up damage, phagocytize bacteria |
Punta lacrimalia serves what purpose | Exiting |
# chambers in the eyeball | 2 |
Chambers of the eyeball (2) | Anterior and Posterior |
Vitreous chamber aka | Posterior chamber |
Chamber between the lens and retina | Posterior chamber |
Posterior chamber location | between lens and retina |
Posterior chamber contains | Vitreous humor |
Vitreous humor found it | Posterior chamber |
Semisolid substance | Vitreous humor |
Chamber between lens and cornea | Anterior |
Anterior chamber location | between lens and cornea |
Vitreous humor keeps___ in place | Retina |
Anterior chamber contains | Aqueous humor |
Aqueous humor is located | Anterior chamber |
Aqueous humor is formed from ___ in the ciliary body | Capillaries |
Aqueous humor is formed form capillaries in the ___ | Ciliary body |
Aqueous humor is reabsorbed by ___ | Canal of Schlemm |
Canal of Schlemm location | Anterior to iris |
Aqueous humor nourishes ___ and ___ | Lens, cornea |
Wall of eye has # parts | 3 |
Wall of eye parts 3 | Outer, inner, middle |
Outer wall of eye | Sclera, cornea |
Middle wall of eye | Choroids, iris, ciliary body |
Inner wall of eye | Retina |
Thickest fibrous connective tissue | Sclera |
White part | Sclera |
Transparent portion | Cornea |
Has no capillaries | Cornea |
First part of the pathway of light as it is refracted into the eye | Cornea |
Choroid layer includes (2) | Ciliary body and iris |
Contains blood vessels | Choroid layer |
Circular muscle that surrounds and is connected to the lens | Ciliary body |
Ciliary body connected by | Suspensory ligaments |
Ciliary changes____ so we can focus | Shape of lens |
Colored part of the eye | Iris |
Anterior to the lens | Iris |
Has circular and radial muscle fibers | Iris |
Opening in the iris | Pupil |
Contraction of the radial fibers | Dilation |
Contraction of the circular fibers | Constriction |
Lets more light in, darkness | Dilation |
Blocks light when bright | Constriction |
Posterior 2/3 of eye | Retina |
Contains___ receptors | Visual |
Visual receptors (2) | Rods and cones |
Detect ALL wavelengths of visible light | Rods |
Most abundant in the periphery of the eye | Rods |
Detect colors | Cones |
Detect different wavelengths of visible light | Cones |
Abundant in the center of the retina | Cones |
Small depression in the macula that contains only cones and is the area for best color vision | Fovea centralis |
Opening where the optic nerve exit’s the eye | Optic disk |
Blind spot | Optic disk |
Psychology of vision | Light is focused on the retina receptors generate impulse visual areas of the brain interpret |
Bending of light rays as they pass through the eye | Refraction |
Adjustable part of the refractory system | Lens |
Focuses image on __ | Retina |
At rest ___ pull the lens tight | Suspensory ligaments |
Pulling the lens tight____ the lens | Flattens |
When focusing on near objects the ____ contracts | Ciliary muscle |
When the ciliary muscle contracts makes the lens___ | A small circle |
Becomes less elastic with age | Presbyopia |
Chemical rhodopsin | Rods |
Chemical reaction that breaks down into retinal and other proteins | Cones |
Requires specific wavelengths | Cones |
2 eyes | Binocular vision |
Allows for depth perception | Binocular vision |
Binocular vision requires eyes___ to eliminate double vision | Converge |
The ear has # areas | 3 |
3 areas of the ear | Outer, inner and middle |
Ear contains receptors for ___ and ___ | Hearing, equilibrium |
Receptors for hearing and equilibrium are found in ____ear | Inner |
Auricle and ear canal | Outer ear |
Cartilage covered with skin | Auricle |
External auditory meatus aka | Ear canal |
Lined with ceruminous and sebaceous glands | Ear canal |
Air filled cavity that contains the ossicles and is drained by eustachian tubes | Middle ear |
Tympanic membrane aka | Ear drum |
Separates the middle and outer ear | Ear drum |
Ossicles (3) | Malleus, incus, stapes |
Transfer and amplify sound to oval window of inner ear | Ossicles |
Auditory tubes aka | Eustachian tubes |
Eustachian tubes extend from___ to ___ | Middle ear to nasopharynx |
Permits air to enter or leave | Eustachian tubes |
Can plug and cause pressure when change in elevation occurs | Eustachian tubes |
Middle ear infection aka | Otitis media |
Cavity called bony labyrinth in the temporal bones | Inner ear |
Inner ear contains (2) | Cochlea, vestibule |
For equilibrium | Vestibule |
For hearing | Cochlea |
Inner ear lined with | Membranous labyrinth |
Fluid between bone and membranous labyrinth | Perilymph |
Fluid within the membranous labyrinth | Endolymph |
Snail shell shaped structure | Cochlea |
Contains the organ of Corti | Cochlear duct |
Receptors in cochlear duct | Hair cells |
Hair cells have special | Microvili Specialized microvili called |
Hearing | sound waves ear canaltempanic membrane malleus incusstapesoval windowperilymph and endolymph in cochleahair cells to the organ of Corti cranial nerve 8 temporal lobe |
Membrane covered window just below oval window | Round window |
Bulges out to relieve pressure when the oval window is depressed | Round window |
Vestibular apparatus aka | Vestibule |
Impulses carried by___ portion of acoustic nerve to the cerebellum, midbrain, and temporal lobes | Vestibular |
Parts of the brain in charge of equilibrium | Cerebellum and midbrain |
Conscious awareness | Temporal lobes |
Membranous sacs in the vestibule (2) | Utricle and saccule |
Equilibrium at rest | Static equilibrium |
Hair cells detect movement of___ | Otoliths |
3 fluid filled membranous ovals oriented in different planes | Semicircular canals |
Equilibrium while moving | Dynamic equilibrium |
Base of each semicircular canal | Ampulla |
Hair cells detect movement of ___ in the canal by bending | Endolymph |
Detect change in blood | Arterial receptors |
Arterial receptors are located (2) | Aorta and carotid arteries |
Baroreceptors aka | Pressoreceptors |
Detect BP | Pressoreceptors |
Detect Co2, O2 and pH | Chemoreceptors |
Created by:
Sarsileigh
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