I. Anat 8 Word Scramble
|
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Question | Answer |
Functions of the Nervous System | To detect changes and feel sensation |
Functions of the Nervous System | Initiate appropriate response to changes |
Functions of the Nervous System | To organize information for immediate use and store for future reference |
Nervous system activities (2) | Conscious and subconscious |
Anatomical divisions | Central and Peripheral |
CNS | Central Nervous System |
PNS | Peripheral Nervous System |
Brain and spinal cord | CNS |
12 Cranial nerves and 31 Spinal nerves | PNS |
Nerve cell | Neuron |
Processes of a neuron | Nerve fibers |
Toward cell body | Dendrites |
Away from cell body | Axon |
Neuron fiber covering | Myelin sheath |
Space between Schwann cells | Neurofibral nodes |
Sheath of Schwann cells | Neurolemma |
Neuroglial cells (4) | Oligodendrocytes, Microglia, Epindymal, Astrocytes |
Produces myelin in the CNS | Oligodendrocytes |
Move and phagocytize pathogens and damaged tissue | Microglia |
Line the ventricles to help CSF circulate | Epindymal |
Help maintain potassium levels | Astrocytes |
Wrap around capillaries to contribute to the blood brain barrier | Astrocytes |
Prevents harmful substances from entering the brain | Blood Brain Barrier |
CFS | Cerebrospinal fluid |
BBB | Blood brain barrier |
K+ | Potassium |
Na- | sodium |
Space between the axon of one neuron and dendrites of cell body of another | Synapse |
Presynaptic axon | Synaptic knob Release neurotransmitter signals by electrical depolarization |
Chemicals that excite or inhibit a neuron in a synapse | Neurotransmitter |
Causes postsynaptic neuron to depolarize | Excitatory |
Causes postsynaptic neuron to hyperpolarize | Inhibitory |
Enzyme that inactivates neurotransmitter to stop the impulse until needed again | In activator |
Reabsorption of neurotransmitter back into neuron that released it | Reuptake |
Types of neurons | Sensory, Motor, Interneuron |
Sensory aka | Afferent |
Motor aka | Efferent |
Impulses to CNS | Sensory |
Impulse from CNS to effector | Motor |
Produce impulses | Receptors |
Receptors in skin, skeletal muscle, and joints | Somatic receptors |
Receptors in internal organs | Autonomic receptors |
Autonomic receptors aka | Visceral receptors |
Types of motor neurons (2) | Somatic, Visceral |
Structures effected by efferent neuron | Effectors |
Neuron effected by skeletal muscle | Somatic |
Neurons effected by smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands | Visceral |
ANS | Autonomic nervous system |
Neurons make up ANS (2) | Somatic, Visceral |
Connect CNS neurons together | Interneurons |
Groups of nerve fibers (axons and/or dendrites) | Nerve |
Only afferent | Sensory nerves |
Only efferent | Motor nerves |
Afferent and efferent (mostly peripheral nerves) | Mixed nerves |
Bundles of functionally related fibers in the CNS | Nerve tracts/fasciculus |
Electrochemical signal carried by the nerve | Nerve impulses |
More positive on the outside | Polarized |
More potassium on the inside and sodium on the outside | Polarized |
Polarized: Net ___ outside and ___inside | +,- |
Depolarized followed by depolarized | Action potential |
Reversal of the charges | Depolarization |
Only depolarizes an Neurofibral nodes | Saltatory conduction |
Located in the spinal canal | Spinal cord |
Transmits signals between the brain and PNS | Spinal cord |
Spinal cord extends from the ____ to about___ | Foramen magnum, L1-L2 |
____ and ___ extend beyond the spinal cord to the sacrum | Cauda equina, meninges |
Unmyelinated interneurons and cell bodies of motor neurons | Grey matter |
H shaped in X section | Grey matter |
Myelinated nerve fibers | White matter |
Bundles of functionally related fibers | Tracts (fasciculi) |
Tracts (2) groups | Ascending and descending |
Carry impulses up the cord to the brain (sensory) | Ascending tracts |
Carry impulses down to cord from the brain (motor) | Descending |
Nerves from the cord to their periphery | Spinal nerves |
____pairs of spinal nerves | 31 |
Continuation of spinal nerves beyond the spinal cord | Cauda equina |
# roots per spinal nerve | 2 |
Afferent (sensory) fibers | Dorsal root |
Posterior root | Dorsal root |
Ceell bodies of sensory neurons | Dorsal root ganglia |
Efferent (motor) fibers | Ventral root |
Anterior root | Ventral root |
Involuntary response to a stimulus | Reflex |
Do not depend on the brain | Spinal cord reflexes |
The pathways of nerve impuses during a reflex | reflex arc |
Reflex arc parts (5) | Receptors, Sensory neurons, CNS, motor neurons, effectors |
Detect a stimulus and generate an impulse | Receptors |
Transmit impulse to CNS | Sensory neurons |
Interprets the impulse and redirects it | CNS |
Transmits impuls to effectors | Motor neurons |
Performs actions | Effectors |
Spinal cord to pons | Medulla |
Cardiac center | Medulla |
Vasomotor center | Medulla |
Respiratory center | Medulla |
Regulates heart rate | Medulla |
Regulate BP | Medulla |
Regulates respiration | Medulla |
Reflex center | Medulla |
Coughing, sneezing, swallowing, vomiting | Medulla |
Superior to the medulla | Pons |
Bridge (latin) | Pons |
From the pns to the hypothalamus | Midbrain |
Encloses cerebral aqueduct | Midbrain |
Visual, righting and auditory reflexes | Midbrain |
Posterior to the medulla, pons and 4th ventricle-inferior to occipital lobe of cerebrum | Cerebellum |
All functions concerned with movement | Cerbellum |
Coordination, regulation of muscle tone, posture, equalibrium | Cerebellum |
Involuntary | Cerebellum |
Works in conjunction with inner ear for equalibrium | Cerebellum |
Lateral to the 3rd ventricle and superior to the hypothalamus | Thalamus |
Sensation (other than smell) | Thalamus |
Sense comes to the ___if it is important then it is sent to the cerebrum for interptretation | Thalamus |
Blocks unwanted sensation | Thalamus |
Allows us to concentrate without distraction of thousands of sensations | thalamus |
Inferior to the thalamus, superior to the pituitary | Hypothalamus |
Produces hormones | Hypothalamus |
Stimulates secretion of hormones from the anterior pituitary gland | Hypothalamus |
Regulates body temperature | Hypothalamus |
Sweating and shivering are ways to … | Regulate body temperature |
Regulate body temberature | |
Regulates food intake, monitoring nutrients and chemical levels | Hypothalamus |
Integration of ANS | Hypothalamus |
Causes visceral response to emotion (blushing, increase in heart rate) | Hypothalamus |
Regulates body rhythm (hormone secrestion, sleep cycles, mood change) | Hypothalamus |
2hemispheres, several lobes, connected by corpus callosum | Cerebrum |
R & L___contain R&L ___ | hemispheres, ventricles |
Surface of cerebrum | Cerebrtal cortex |
Non Myelinated cell bodies | Grey matter |
White matter is ___to grey matter | Internal |
Folds (convolutions) | Gyri |
Small grooves between gyri | Sulci |
Deep grooves separate lobes and hemispheres | Fissures |
Anterior part of the brain | Frontal lobes |
Contralateral voluntary movement | Motor areas (frontal lobes) |
The largest portion of____ lobe is devoted to fine movement of the hands | Frontal lobe |
Causes contra lateral paralysis | Stroke |
Learned motor skills that require sequenced movement | Pre motor area (frontal lobes) |
Controls movement of mouth, tongue, larynx | Bocca’s motor speech |
Lobe superior and lateral | Parietal |
Interprets input from taste buds (overlaps temporal lobes) | Taste areas |
Lateral | Temporal lobes |
Interprets and learns input from reeptors in the nasal cavity | Olfactory area |
Receives input from the inner ear for hearing and interprets the sound such as speech | Auditory area |
Areas concerned with formulation of speech | Speech areas |
Hippocampus | memory |
Stores memories | Hippocampus |
Floor of the lateral ventricle | Hippocampus |
Posterier | Occipital lobe |
Interprets input from the eyes | Visual area |
Visual areas | Occipital lobe |
Paired masses of grey matter within the cerebral hemisphere | Basal ganglia |
Regulate and coordinate complex movement | Basal ganglia |
Band of 200 million fibers that connect the hemispheres | Corpus callosum |
Important with coordination left and right brain function | Corpus callosum |
Connective tissue membrane that covers the brain and spinal cord | Meninges |
Meningeal layers (3) | Dura mater, Arachnoid, Pia mater |
“Tough mother” | Dura mater |
Lines the cranium and vertebral canal | Dura matter |
Weblike strands that connect to pia mater | Arachnoid |
Contains CSF | Subarachnoid space |
Space between pia and arachnoid | Subarachnoid space |
“Gentle’ | Pia mater |
Inside the arachnoid | Pia mater |
Covers the brain and spinal cord | Pia mater |
Sugary, Salty, watery, crystal clear fluid | CSF |
Brings nutrients to CNS | CSF |
Removes waste products | CSF |
Cushions | CSF |
Flows through CNS | CSF |
Absorption equals__ | Rate of production |
Cranial nerves _NS | Peripheral PNS |
# Cranial nerves | 12 |
Nerves that emerge from the brain | Cranial nerves |
CNS & PNS___division | Structural |
SNS & ANS___dividion | Functional |
SNS | Somatic nervous system |
ANS | Autonomic nervous system |
Voluntary compnent that innervates skeletal muscle | SNS |
Aka Visceral | ANS |
Fight of flight response | Sympathetic respose |
Dominant in stressful situations | Sympathetic respnes |
Rest and digest response | Parasympathetic |
Dominates in relaxed situations | Parasympathetic |
Compnent made up of visceral motor neurons that supply smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands-the effectors | ANS |
Interprets impulses from contralateral sensory organs (skin, muscles, tendons) | General sensory areas (parietal) |
Created by:
Sarsileigh
Popular Anatomy sets