Chp. 5 Integumentary Word Scramble
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Question | Answer |
the integumentary system consists of _____, it's accessory structures and _________ tissue. | skin, subcutaneous |
because the integumentary system has many different tissues, it makes it an ______. | organ |
what are the 4 functions of the integumentary system? | protection (including physical and pathogenic), storage, insulation and cooling (sweat) |
the 2 layers of skin are the _______ and the ______. | epidermis, dermis |
what layers is the epidermis? | the outer layer |
the epidermis is made of stratified squamous __________ __________ tissue. | keratinizing epithelial |
the cells that are most abundant are called ___________. | keratinocytes |
the two most important layers of the epidermis are the ______________ layer which is the stratum germinativum and the outermost layer which is the stratum _________. | innermost, corneum |
what is another name for the stratum germinativum? | stratum basale |
the innermost layer is the layer in which _______ takes place. | mitosis |
new cells are always being produced and are producing the protein ______. | keratin |
________ cells are scattered among the keratinocytes of the stratum germinativum. | merkel |
the living ___________ are able to synthesize antimicrobial peptides called _________. | keratinocytes, defensins |
keratinocytes are secreted during ___________. | inflammation |
the stratum corneum is the _____ outermost layer. | hard/horny |
the stratum _______ is waterproof. | corneum |
the stratum corneum is a barrier to _____________ and most _________. | microorganisms, chemicals |
what are langerhans cells? | they phagocytize foreign material |
where do langerhans cells originate in _____ ________. | bone marrow |
langerhans cells migrate to _______ _______ after ingesting pathogens and present it to lymphocytes. | lymph nodes |
________ produce pigment protein melanin. | melanocytes |
melanocytes makes ______, ______ and _______ darker. | skin, hair and eyes |
melanin increases with __ ______. | UV light |
the dermis is the ______ layer. | inner |
collagen and _____ make the dermis strong and _____. | elastin, elastic |
the ________ layer is an uneven junction between the dermis and the epidermis. | papillary |
the papillary layer has an _________ blood supply. | abundant |
________ follicles are over the entire body. | hair |
hair follicles are made up of __________ tissue. | epidermal |
attached to each hair follicle is a small, smooth muscle called _________. | pilomotor |
when stimulated by cold or emotions, the pilomotor muscles _____ the hair follicles ______. | pull, upright |
what are found on the ends of fingers and toes? | nail follicles |
_____ takes place in the nail root at the base of the nail. | mitosis |
nails _____ the ends of fingers and toes. | protect |
most sensory ________ for the cutaneous senses are gound in the dermis. | receptors |
free nerve endings are receptors for _____, _____ and ______. | heat, cold and pain |
_____________ nerve endings are for touch and pressure. | encapsulated |
the ___________ of an area of the skin is determined by how many receptors are present. | sensitivity |
glands are made of _________ tissue. | epithelial |
sebaceous ducts open into ________ __________ or directly on to skin. this can cause greasy hair or skin. | hair follicle |
sebaceous glands secrete ________. | sebum |
what is sebum? | an oily lipid (fat) |
sebum inhibits _________. | bacteria |
sebum can also act as a ___________ to prevent breaks in the skin. | moisturizer |
there are several sebaceous glands are the ______ and mouth. | nose |
______ is an infection of the sebaceous glands and clogged ducts (pores). | acne |
blackheads are _______ sebum. | oxidized |
________ glands are in the dermis of the ear canal. | ceruminous |
ceruminous glands secrete ________to make ear ___. | cerumin, wax |
_____________ of cerumin can cause pain or loss of hearing. | overproduction |
cerumin keeps the outer surface of the eardrum pliable and prevents _______. | drying |
there are two types of sweat glands. What are they? | apocrine glands and eccrine glands |
apocrine glands are most _____ in the axillae and the ______ areas. | numerous, genital |
apocrine glands are most active in stressful and _______ situations. | emotional |
unpleasant odors of these areas are caused by ___________ of the apocrine secretions causing bacteria to metabolize the chemicals in sweat. | accumulations |
eccrine glands are found all over the ______. | body |
eccrine glands are most numerous on the _______, upper ____, palms and _____. | forehead, lip, soles |
the duct of the coiled tube in the eccrine glands opens up on the skin into a _____. | pore |
the sweat produced in eccrine glands helps ______ normal body ________. | maintain, temperature |
loss of too much body water in sweat can lead to ___________. | dehydration |
sodium chloride is lost in sweat, as well as small amount of ____. | urea |
arterioles are small _______. | arteries |
arterioles also aid in _____________ regulation. | temperature |
____________ increases blood flow to the surface which causes "flushing/blushing" | vasodilation |
vasoconstriction _________ blood flow to surface causing someone to go "pale" | decreases |
arterioles are regulated by the CNS and ________ as in the "fight or flight" response. | hormones |
_________ (epinephrine) released causes vasoconstriction in skin and redirects blood to more vital organs such as the muscles. | adrenalin |
decubitus ulcers is when ___________ pressure causes lack of blood supply and leads to tissue death. this can cause bed sores. | prolonged |
superficial fascia or hypodermis are other names for _____________ tissue. | subcutaneous |
subcutaneous tissue is __________ ___________ membranes. | connective tissue |
what are the three functions of subcutaneous tissue? | connects skin to muscle, provides immunity form WBC's and mast cells and stores fat. |
fat is used for energy storage, _______ and ________. | cushion, insulation |
_____ cells are produced in the red bone marrow and found in connective tissue throughout the body. | mast |
mast cells produce ________, ___________ and other chemicals that help bring about inflammation. | histamine, leukotrienes |
____________ are specialized to store fat. | adipocytes |
when cellular function slows (aging), it causes decreased ___________ activity which is fewer collagen and elastin fibers. | fibroblastic |
in aging, glands become less active causing _______ and ________ temperature regulation. | dryness, decreased |
in aging, _________ die causing lighter skin and gray hair. | melanocytes |
How many degrees of burns are there? | 3 |
what is a first degree burn? | redness of the epidermis |
a 2nd degree burn affects the ________ and the _______ causing it to blister. | dermis, epidermis |
3rd degree burns affect what layers of the skin? | epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous |
skin cancer is a DNA ________. | mutation |
warts are ___________ of epidermis caused by a virus. | overgrowth |
_______ is atopic dermatitis causing itchy, inflamed skin. | eczema |
a marked loss of hair is called ________ and is often genetically regulated. | alopecia |
Created by:
long2010
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