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Chp. 5 Integumentary
Chapter 5 integumentary system
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the integumentary system consists of _____, it's accessory structures and _________ tissue. | skin, subcutaneous |
| because the integumentary system has many different tissues, it makes it an ______. | organ |
| what are the 4 functions of the integumentary system? | protection (including physical and pathogenic), storage, insulation and cooling (sweat) |
| the 2 layers of skin are the _______ and the ______. | epidermis, dermis |
| what layers is the epidermis? | the outer layer |
| the epidermis is made of stratified squamous __________ __________ tissue. | keratinizing epithelial |
| the cells that are most abundant are called ___________. | keratinocytes |
| the two most important layers of the epidermis are the ______________ layer which is the stratum germinativum and the outermost layer which is the stratum _________. | innermost, corneum |
| what is another name for the stratum germinativum? | stratum basale |
| the innermost layer is the layer in which _______ takes place. | mitosis |
| new cells are always being produced and are producing the protein ______. | keratin |
| ________ cells are scattered among the keratinocytes of the stratum germinativum. | merkel |
| the living ___________ are able to synthesize antimicrobial peptides called _________. | keratinocytes, defensins |
| keratinocytes are secreted during ___________. | inflammation |
| the stratum corneum is the _____ outermost layer. | hard/horny |
| the stratum _______ is waterproof. | corneum |
| the stratum corneum is a barrier to _____________ and most _________. | microorganisms, chemicals |
| what are langerhans cells? | they phagocytize foreign material |
| where do langerhans cells originate in _____ ________. | bone marrow |
| langerhans cells migrate to _______ _______ after ingesting pathogens and present it to lymphocytes. | lymph nodes |
| ________ produce pigment protein melanin. | melanocytes |
| melanocytes makes ______, ______ and _______ darker. | skin, hair and eyes |
| melanin increases with __ ______. | UV light |
| the dermis is the ______ layer. | inner |
| collagen and _____ make the dermis strong and _____. | elastin, elastic |
| the ________ layer is an uneven junction between the dermis and the epidermis. | papillary |
| the papillary layer has an _________ blood supply. | abundant |
| ________ follicles are over the entire body. | hair |
| hair follicles are made up of __________ tissue. | epidermal |
| attached to each hair follicle is a small, smooth muscle called _________. | pilomotor |
| when stimulated by cold or emotions, the pilomotor muscles _____ the hair follicles ______. | pull, upright |
| what are found on the ends of fingers and toes? | nail follicles |
| _____ takes place in the nail root at the base of the nail. | mitosis |
| nails _____ the ends of fingers and toes. | protect |
| most sensory ________ for the cutaneous senses are gound in the dermis. | receptors |
| free nerve endings are receptors for _____, _____ and ______. | heat, cold and pain |
| _____________ nerve endings are for touch and pressure. | encapsulated |
| the ___________ of an area of the skin is determined by how many receptors are present. | sensitivity |
| glands are made of _________ tissue. | epithelial |
| sebaceous ducts open into ________ __________ or directly on to skin. this can cause greasy hair or skin. | hair follicle |
| sebaceous glands secrete ________. | sebum |
| what is sebum? | an oily lipid (fat) |
| sebum inhibits _________. | bacteria |
| sebum can also act as a ___________ to prevent breaks in the skin. | moisturizer |
| there are several sebaceous glands are the ______ and mouth. | nose |
| ______ is an infection of the sebaceous glands and clogged ducts (pores). | acne |
| blackheads are _______ sebum. | oxidized |
| ________ glands are in the dermis of the ear canal. | ceruminous |
| ceruminous glands secrete ________to make ear ___. | cerumin, wax |
| _____________ of cerumin can cause pain or loss of hearing. | overproduction |
| cerumin keeps the outer surface of the eardrum pliable and prevents _______. | drying |
| there are two types of sweat glands. What are they? | apocrine glands and eccrine glands |
| apocrine glands are most _____ in the axillae and the ______ areas. | numerous, genital |
| apocrine glands are most active in stressful and _______ situations. | emotional |
| unpleasant odors of these areas are caused by ___________ of the apocrine secretions causing bacteria to metabolize the chemicals in sweat. | accumulations |
| eccrine glands are found all over the ______. | body |
| eccrine glands are most numerous on the _______, upper ____, palms and _____. | forehead, lip, soles |
| the duct of the coiled tube in the eccrine glands opens up on the skin into a _____. | pore |
| the sweat produced in eccrine glands helps ______ normal body ________. | maintain, temperature |
| loss of too much body water in sweat can lead to ___________. | dehydration |
| sodium chloride is lost in sweat, as well as small amount of ____. | urea |
| arterioles are small _______. | arteries |
| arterioles also aid in _____________ regulation. | temperature |
| ____________ increases blood flow to the surface which causes "flushing/blushing" | vasodilation |
| vasoconstriction _________ blood flow to surface causing someone to go "pale" | decreases |
| arterioles are regulated by the CNS and ________ as in the "fight or flight" response. | hormones |
| _________ (epinephrine) released causes vasoconstriction in skin and redirects blood to more vital organs such as the muscles. | adrenalin |
| decubitus ulcers is when ___________ pressure causes lack of blood supply and leads to tissue death. this can cause bed sores. | prolonged |
| superficial fascia or hypodermis are other names for _____________ tissue. | subcutaneous |
| subcutaneous tissue is __________ ___________ membranes. | connective tissue |
| what are the three functions of subcutaneous tissue? | connects skin to muscle, provides immunity form WBC's and mast cells and stores fat. |
| fat is used for energy storage, _______ and ________. | cushion, insulation |
| _____ cells are produced in the red bone marrow and found in connective tissue throughout the body. | mast |
| mast cells produce ________, ___________ and other chemicals that help bring about inflammation. | histamine, leukotrienes |
| ____________ are specialized to store fat. | adipocytes |
| when cellular function slows (aging), it causes decreased ___________ activity which is fewer collagen and elastin fibers. | fibroblastic |
| in aging, glands become less active causing _______ and ________ temperature regulation. | dryness, decreased |
| in aging, _________ die causing lighter skin and gray hair. | melanocytes |
| How many degrees of burns are there? | 3 |
| what is a first degree burn? | redness of the epidermis |
| a 2nd degree burn affects the ________ and the _______ causing it to blister. | dermis, epidermis |
| 3rd degree burns affect what layers of the skin? | epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous |
| skin cancer is a DNA ________. | mutation |
| warts are ___________ of epidermis caused by a virus. | overgrowth |
| _______ is atopic dermatitis causing itchy, inflamed skin. | eczema |
| a marked loss of hair is called ________ and is often genetically regulated. | alopecia |
Created by:
long2010
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