206 Bones Word Scramble
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Question | Answer |
Bone Functions (6) | Support; protection; Levers; movements; mineral storage; hemopoiesis |
Hydroxyapatite | calcium phosphate + calcium hydroxide; crystal; ability to incorporate other minerals (CaCO3, ion K+, Mg+, F+) |
Calcium phosphate | 2/3 weight of bone; crystals are strong and can be compressed but not twisted or bent or they will break; use for bones, blood clotting, muscle contraction, nerve impulses |
Collagen fibers | tough & flexible; can twist/bend and they wont break but cant compress them or they will bend out of the way |
Osteoprogentor cells | undifferentiated cells that become osteoblasts; ONLY mitotic bone cells; found in periosteum & endosteum |
Periosteum | lines other surface of all bones; nutrition, protection, growth, repair, attachment to muscle; dense irregular CT |
Endosteum | lines the marrow cavity, Havarian & Volkman's canals |
Osteoblast cells | form true bone cells & bone matrix (hydroxyapatite & collagen fibers) |
Osteocytes | true bone cells; make up 2% of bone |
osteoclast cells | tear down bone; develop from circulating monocytes (WBCS) |
Giant Cells | secrete lactic acid which leaches minerals from bones and destroys them |
Osteoprosis | osteoclast activity predominates; osteoblast activity is not enough; females over 50 |
osteogensis | production of new bone |
osteolysis | tearing down of bone |
Outer layer peuriosteum | fibrous, tough, protective; CT, BVs, nerves, lymphatic vessels |
Inner layer peuriosteum | osteogenic layer; bone cells are made; elastic fibers; BVs, food & O2 & CO2 |
Nutritive foramen | BVs pass through; 10% of cardiac output at anytime |
Compact Bone | microstructure; dense/heavy, few spaces, thicker in diaphysis than epiphysis; stress resistant; support, protection; many osteon close together |
Canaliculi | tiny canals filled with cytoplasmic extensions; osteocytes link BV in the Havarian canal with individual bone cells |
concentric circles | each circle is called osteon |
Spongy Bone | "Cancellus Bone"; lighter; lots of spaces; found under a layer of compact bone in epipysis; lines Medullary cavity, Haverian and volkmans canal |
lacuna | "pool" around osteocyte; contains fluid (derived from blood-like plasma) that keeps the cell alive |
Traleulae | struts of bone that form according to stress placed on bone; mesh work; contains non-circular lamella |
Red marrow | in epiphysis & flat bones; blood forming tissues (RBCs) |
Yellow marrow | in diaphysis; fatty NOT blood forming; adipose tissue; store minerals |
epiphysial plate | region of the metaphysis; after growth stops it forms into the epiphysial line that gets lighter when older; cartilage cells are laid down on epiphysical side and changes to bone on diaphysis side |
zone of reserve cartilage | attaches epiphysical to epiphysis; reacting cells |
zone of proliferating cartilage | "stacks of coins"; new chondrocytes |
zone of hypertrophic cartilage | cartilage cells are native large |
zone of calcified matrix | dead cells forming new matrix; some cells become osteocytes from osteoblast |
Intermembraneous ossification | dermal ossification; starts w/ fibrous membrane to spongy/compact bone; deepest layer of dermis; hypertopic bone formation-frontal/pareital bones, mandible, clavical, patella; mesenchyme-osteoblasts-collagen matrix-mineralization-mult ossificiations sites |
endochondial ossification | starts w/ hyaline cartilage model; longer process; appositional (new cartilage outside) & interstial (cartilage increases from inside) growth; forms bone collar; primary & secondary sites of ossifications |
bone fracture healing | internal callus(stitches & reabsorbs bones)-external callus(makes area bigger/true bone-cartilage to bone- linked by trabeculeum-gradually remolded to orignal |
long bones | any bone with L>W; slightly curved ant to post; spongy/compact bone in epiphysis/diaphysis |
short bones | roughly cubed shaped L=W; spongy inside/compact outside; wrist/ankle |
flat bones | long, narrow; ribs, cranial bones (parietal, frontal, temporal), sternum, scapula; parallel areas of compact with spongy in between |
irregular | bones that dont fit anywhere else; face bones, vertebrae; vary in amounts of spongy/compact bone |
wormian bone | sutural bones; place where cranial bones articulate (touch) |
sesamoid bones | bones form in tendons under stress; patella, wrist? |
axial skeleton | 80 bones; ribs, sternum, skull, vertebrae |
appendicular skeleton | 126 bones; arms & legs |
cranial bones (8) | frontal, 2 parietal, 2 temporal, ethmoid, sphenoid, occipital |
facial bones (14) | 2 nasal bones, 2 maxilla, 2 zygotmatic, mandible, 2 lacrimal, 2 palatine, 2 inferior nasal conchea, vomer |
fontenals | "little fountain" "soft spots"; incomplete ossification of birth; anterior-between frontal & parietal closes 18-24 months; posterior-between parietal & occipital closes 2 months |
Frontal Bone | supercilary arches; supra orbital ridge (margin); glabella; frontal sinuses |
Parietal Bone | inside (ridge & valley hold nerves & BVs in position) |
Temporal Bone | zygomatic process of temporal bone arts. w/ temporal process of zygomatic bone to form zygomatic arch; external auditory meatus; mandibular fossa articulates w/ condylar process of mandible form TMJ; mastoid process-sinsuses; styloid process-tongue |
Petrous Portion of Temporal Bone | houses middle&inner ear; carotid foramen (taking blood to brain); juglar foramen |
Sphenoid Bone | arts. w/ all cranial bones; greater wings; optic foramen-2nd cranial nerve; sella turcica-pituitary gland; body-sphenoid sinus; foramen ovale-5th cranial nerve; pterygoid process-attachment for mandible&soft plate |
ethmoid bone | principle supporting structure of nasal cavity; crista galli(cocks limb) attach meninges(brain covering); cribiform plate-passage 1st cranial nerve; lateral mass-houses superior nasal conchae; perpendicular plate; middle nasal conchae-filter air |
occipital bone | foramen magnum; occipital condyle- arts w/ sup art process of atlas; occipital crest-stabilize node of vertebrae; sup & inf nuchal lines- arts w/ atlas & balances head; occipital protuberrence |
Skull Sutures | coronal-frontal & parietal; sagittal- parietial (top of head); lamboidal- occipital & parietal; squamoid-temporal & parietal |
nasal bone | bridge of nose; sup part of nasal structure |
maxillae | art. w/ all cranial bones except mandible; alveolar processes anchor teeth; L&R fuse early considered one bone; forms part of lateral wall of nasal cavity |
palatine process | form hard plate (roof of mouth) & part of lateral walls of nasal cavity & part of floor; "L" shaped bone forms part of hard palate |
cleft palate | failure of palatine process |
paranasal cavity | drain into nasal cavity; lined w/ mucous membrane; frontal (morning headaches); sphenoid (in body-pressure headache); ethmoid (in lateral masses-pain behind eyes); maxillary (upper teeth) |
mastoid sinus | do not open into nasal cavity |
Eye Orbit | Super Orbital Fissure; ethmoid; Greater & Lesser wings of sphenoid; lacrimal; zygomatic bone; frontal; maxillary |
Mandible | largest & strongest bone; only moveable bone in face; mandibular condyle articulates w. mandibular fossa of temporal bone; coronoid process-muscle attachment; angle; ramus; manibular foramen (dentists branches of 5th cranial nerve) |
nasal septum | perpindicular plate of ethmoid; vomar; septal cartilage; deviated septum (where bone & cartilage meet-causes post nasal drip infections) |
Vertebral column | approx 28 inches long; strong, flexible, movement ant, post, laterally; 7 cervical, 12 thoraic, 5 lumbar; 5 sacral (fused into 1 bone); 3-5 coccycal fused(male)/unfused (female); encloses & protects cord; supports head; attaches ribs & back muscles |
vertebral foramen | spinal cord |
intervertebral foramen | for exit of spinal nerves (inbetween vertebrae-laterally; posterior to disc& body, anterior to spinous process) |
intervertebral discs | fibrocartilage pads |
spinal curves | dissapate stress; maintain balance; absorb shock, protects from fracture; primary & secondary |
primary curve | mimic fetal curve; anteriorly concave (thoraic & sacral) |
secondary curve | opposite fetal curve; anteriorly convex; cervical (3-4 months holding head up) & lumbar (by 2 years for walking) |
Created by:
ham007
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