Chapter 4 -Terms Word Scramble
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Question | Answer |
Age of Louis XIV | the age when France becomes the political and social center of Europe; from inheriting thrown/Peace of Westphalia/becoming officially in charge -- 1715; half a century |
Grand Monarque | nickname of Louis XIV; means 'Louis the Great'; during his reign, France developed its culture |
Sun King | nickname created by Louis XIV himself; meaning that everything revolves around the sun, and everything in France revolves around him; during his reign, France developed its culture |
Charles II (of Spain) | inherited Spain from Phillip II; last of the Hapsburgs to rule Spain because he can't have kids; big war faught over who gets his throwne |
Rhine | territory that Louis XIV wants to expand France into; upto this river; benefitting from the demise of the Hapsburgs |
Franche-Comte | territory that Louis XIV wants to expand France into; benefitting from the demise of the Hapsburgs |
universal monarchy | prior to Louis XIV, was threatened by Hapsburgs (stopped by Protestant Reformation, 30 Years War, Valios); irony: France helps stop threat of Hapsburgs, but later becomes the source of this threat |
balance of power | a coallittion of smaller states that band together to check Louis XIV's aggression; checking or balancing Louis's threat |
liberties of Europe | means the same thing as states rights, but taking about Europe as a whole; each country does their own thing, no European central power; are we gonna be Rome again or this? |
William III | archenemy of Louis XIV; 3rd William of the House of Orange in Netherlands; practically royal in Netherlands and becomes 3rd William to rule England |
the "zone" of Western Europe (geography and historical significance) | modern Europe is centured in Paris; England, Italy north of Florence, Switzerland, Dutch, North + West Germany |
main goal of Louis XIV's rule | inside, wants an absolute monarchy; outside, wants to take over Spain (universal monarchy) |
Estates General of the United Provinces | formal title for the Dutch government; republican country compaired to the time period |
Arminians | a subgroup of Dutch Calvinists; want Calvinism to be more faith-y, more modern, and no predestination |
The more modern Europe gets, the more Protestants ____? | merge/blend together to a faith-based religion |
Bank of Amsterdam | central back of Netherlands and Europe; golden standard of Europe at time |
House of Orange | super-noble family of Dutch (as close to royal as you can get in Netherlands); most land and most following; always turned to in times of crisis |
English Navigation Act of 1651 | England is angery at Dutch economic power; solution is to destroy the Dutch fleet by stopping English colonies from using Dutch ships; passed by Cromwell |
English-Dutch Wars | start after English Navigation Act was passed; Dutch was like 'no you cant' and England said 'f you yea we will and we'll replace you too' |
hereditary stadholder | each Dutch county elects one; in times of crisis (Louis XIV), people want a strong one, so everyone wants William II as it; dont want elections anymore, so WIII becomes hereditary stadholder (like monarchy, but not) |
Hugo Grotius | Dutch scientist; how countries should interact w/each other; nacent European Union |
Baruch Spinoza | Dutch scientist; theorized about separation of church and state |
Chrisitan Huyghens | Dutch scientist; telescopes and lenses |
Congress of Westphalia | every country west of Poland attended this Congress after 30 Years War |
plantation of Ulster | Protestant part of Ireland; |
East India Company | England's trading company over East Asia and Indian trade; allowed them to compete with Duch |
House of Lords | upper house of England's parliament; nobility |
House of Commons | lower class of England's parliament; gentry and towns representatives |
Solemn League and Covenant | agreement between Parliament and Scotland; join our side and if we win, we'll become protestant; convinces Scotland to join forces against Charles I; parliament doesnt hold up deal, causing Scotland to eventually flip sides after first stage of war |
Rump Parliament | 1648; the 60 or so members of Long Parliament that were left; guys are loyal to Cromwell from the beginning; "quality cut of meat"; executed Charles I |
Levellers | later known as advanced political democrats; wanted to "level" society by advocating equality; radical stuff for time |
Fifth Monarchy Men | group of Protestants against Anglican Church; believed that the end of the world was coming |
Instrument of Government | new constitution written by Cromwell after dissolving most of Long (Barebone) Parliament (justifies this illegal move); yeah... better set up my own thing |
The True Law of Free Monarchy | book written by James I; advocated absolute monarchy justified by divine rights |
divine right of kings | doctrine of James I; monarchy are representatives of God; justifies absolute monarchy |
Puritans | more extreme Calvinist Protestants; dissatisfied with Church of England; generally blaimed by modern England to be cause of English Civil War |
Long Parliament | called by Charles I because he wants money; eventually go to war with Charles; techincally the legal parliament until 1660 |
Roundheads | derogatory nickname for Puritans (haircut) |
Ironsides | Cromwell's cavalry unit; so good and successful that it becomes Cromwell's claim to fame; eventually 'morphs' into New Model Army |
Commonwealth | during Cromwell's rule, England was not a kingdom but a this; 1649-1660; government is a protectorate |
Quakers | more extreme Protestants |
Lord Protector | title that Cromwell rules under; not a king, but this |
moral puritianism | value hard work; morally strict and disiplined; right and wrong mean a lot, stray from morality and its against the law |
Charles II (England) | restores the English monarchy in 1660; known as The Merry Monarch; doesn't want to push Parliament to extremes because of his father; wants toleration for Catholics |
squirearchy | lesser noble government; nobility is starting to gain political power as monarchy power decreases; upper nobility is House of Lords, lower nobility is local government |
Dissenters | people who disagree with the Anglican Church; couldn't govern or have religious meetings |
conventicles | Dissenter secret meetings; organizing the opposition |
Queen Christina | daughter of Adolphus who took power in Scotland; attempts to return country to Catholicism, not gonna work |
Treaty of Dover | secret treaty between Charles II and Louis XIV; Charles would join France in their war against Dutch in exchange for money |
Duke of York | aka James II; no one in England like him because he was Catholic; violates Test Act when appointing Catholics in positions of power; creation of a standing army; Catholic son with Catholic wife, can't wait him out |
William and Mary | William of Orange III and Mary II take power after glorious revolution in 1688; invited to take throne and agree to limitaions (Bill of Rights); first time monarch agrees to limitations, no longer absolute |
United Kingdom of Great Britian | once and for all Scotland is tied with England; France used Scotland before, but English dont want to worry about that; go in and take over and bring into kingdom |
declaration of indulgence | Charles II's announcement that it was okay for Dissenters and Catholics to hold political positions |
Test Act | law passed by Parliament requiring that any public officers be Anglican; responce to the declaration of indulgence |
Whigs | supported an alternitive to James II; wanted to get rid of him right way |
Tories | don't like James, but support his succession to the throne; can't just take away tradition |
James II | attempted to rule without Parliament as an absolute monarch (like it was 14/15th century) and assert his 'Divine Rights'; not prepped properly to rule |
Boyne River | where the only battle of the Glorious Revolution took place; forces under William II defeat forces led by James II; scares James off to France |
English Bill of Rights | terms that William and Mary agree to in order to become monarchs; first time monarchs agree to have major limitations; cant suspend laws, levy taxes w/out Parl; intertere w/freedom of speech; no petitioning king about grievances; no standing army in peace |
Act of Settlement | no more Catholics on English throne; namely, James's Catholic decendants can't inherit the throne |
Toleration Act | England's law tolerating Dissenters religiously, but not politically; opposite from Edict on Nantes in that okay for religion, but not treated as a citizen |
The Fronde | noble led rebellion against Cardinal Mazarin; wanted to weaken the kind supported by "parlements"; parle. withdraw support when nobles turn to Spain for troops; chaos convincing people maybe absolute monarchy is the way to go |
Cardinal Mazarin | on death, Louis XIV takes over and rules for himself; French nobility jumps out |
l'etat, c'est moi | "i am the state"; basically absolute monarchy, he is everythign |
Bishop Bossuet | like Jean Bodin to Henry IV; extention of absolute monarchy and Machiovelli |
Versailles | Louis XIV moves his headquarters to the newly built town; awes people and shows his power; becomes seat of government and houses great nobles (Louis XIV can keep an eye on them) and consolidate power; also away from riff-raff of Paris |
lever, diner, coucher | "to rise, to eat, to go to bed"; everything has to have a ceremony, even daily activities have to be a ceremonial process |
J.B. Colbert | minister of finance, economic advisor to Louis XIV; rise of mercantalism in France; get rid of internal tariffs (free trade zone) |
Five Great Farms | a free trade zone created by Colbert where there were no tariffs between the states |
Commercial Code | big name given to policies of Colbert; get rid of medival approach (get more money this way) |
Old Regime | 5 Bourbons who led France up to French Revolution: Henry IV, Louis XIII, Louis XIV, Louis XV, Louis XVI |
Revocation of the Edict of Nantes | Louis XIV wants to unify French religion (gives him more absolute monarchy); economic blow, not real popular by Protestants |
War of Devolution (1667) | French attempt to gain Spanish Netherlands; blocked by a triple alliance of Dutch, English, Swedish; early example of the 'balance of power' policy |
Dutch War (1672) | French attack the Dutch provinces on the lower Rhine; William III allied with Austrian and Spanish Hapsburgs, Prussia, Denmark; results in treaty of Nimweagan |
Treaty of Nimweagan | treaty of the Dutch War; France gives up its Dutch ambitions in exchange for Frenche-Comte |
The War of the League of Augsburg (1688 - 1697) | French invasion of territories of Alsace and Lorraine; Austria gathers Catholic powers into an allience against France and Protestant forces allies behing William III; Catholic and Protesant enemies of Louis XIV form League of Augsburg |
Peace of Ryswick | left matters much as they were before the War of the League of Augsburg; no real vicotry, but League of Augsburg is technical winner |
War of the Spanish Succession (1702 - 1713) | Charles II dies and is last Spanish Hapsburg; France and HRE fight over who will get the Spanish inheritance; would've split, but will of Charles II said not to; said grandson of Louis XIV should inherit throne, rest of West. Europe says 'uhuh' and fights |
Peace of Utrecht | result of War of Spanish Succession; Britain gets slave trade rights and other territories; Savory - Sardinia; Brandenburg -Prussia; Austria gets some Italian towns and Spanish Neths.; Spain keeps American possess.; Grandson of Louis XIV = king of Spain |
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