Chapter 1 Word Scramble
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Question | Answer |
Three essential concepts | the complementarity of structure and function, the hierarchy of structural organization, and homeostasis. |
Anatomy | studies the structure of body parts and their relationships to one another. |
Physiology | concerns the function of the body, in other words, how all body parts work and carry out their life-sustaining activities. |
Gross, or macroscopic, anatomy | the study of large body structures visible to the naked eye, such as the heart lungs, and kidneys. |
Regional anatomy | all the structures (muscles, bones, blood vessels, nerves, etc.) in a particular region of the body, such as the abdomen or leg, are examined at the same time. |
Systemic anatomy | the anatomy of the body is studied system by system. |
Surface anatomy | the study of internal structures as they relate to the overlying skin surface. |
Microscopic anatomy | concerns structures to small to be seen with the naked eye |
cytology | considers the cells of the body |
histology | the study of tissues |
Developmental anatomy | traces structural changes that occur in the body throughout the life span |
Embryology | a subdivision of developmental anatomy concerns developmental changes that occur before birth |
pathological anatomy | studies structural changes caused by disease |
radiographic anatomy | studies internal structures as visualized by x-ray images or specialized scanning procedures |
molecular biology | investigation of the structures of biological chemicals |
renal physiology | concerns kidney function and urine production |
neurophysiology | explains the workings of the nervous system |
cardiovascular physiology | examines the operation of the heart and blood vessels |
Principle of complementarity of structure and function | what a structure can do depends on its specific form |
Chemical level | the simplest level of the structural hierarchy. |
cellular level | the smallest units of living things |
Tissue Level | groups of similar cells that have a common function. |
organ level | discrete structure composed of at least two tissue types that performs a specific function for the body. |
Organ system | organs that work together to accomplish a common purpose. |
Organismal level | represents the sum total of all structural levels working together to promote life. |
maintaining boundaries | the internal environment (inside) remains distinct from the external environment surrounding it (outside). |
Movement | includes the activities promoted by the muscular system. |
Contractility | the muscles cell's ability to move by shorting. |
Responsiveness Irritability | the ability to sense changes (stimuli) in the environment and then respond to them. |
Digestion | the breaking down of ingested foodstuffs to simple molecules that can be absorbed into the blood. |
Metabolism | "a state of change" - a broad term that includes all chemical reactions that occur within body cells. |
Excretion | is the process of removing excreta, or wastes, from the body. |
Reproduction | Can occur at the cellular or organismal level. The original cell divides, producing two identical daughter cells that may then be used for body growth or repair. |
Growth | an increase in size of a body part or the organism. |
homeostasis | indicates a dynamic state of equilibrium, or a balance. literal translation is "unchanging" |
variable | factor or event |
receptor | a sensor that monitors the environment and responds to changes called stimuli |
control center | determines the set point(level or rang eat which a variable is to be maintained analyzes the input it receives and then determines the appropriate response or course action |
effector | provides the means for the control centers response |
superior (cranial) | toward the head end or upper part of a structure or the body; above |
inferior(caudal) | away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure or the body; below |
anterior(ventral) | toward or at the front of the body; in front of |
posterior(dorsal) | toward or at the back of the body; behind |
medial | toward or at the midline of the body; on the inner side of |
lateral | away from the midline of the body; on the outer side of |
intermediate | between a more medial and a more lateral structure |
proximal | closer toward the origin of the body part or to the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk |
distal | farther from the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk |
superficial (external) | toward or at the body surface |
deep (internal) | away from the body surface; more internal |
epi | upon, above |
lumbus | loin |
chondro | cartilage |
ruq | right upper quadrent |
luq | left upper quadrent |
rlq | right lower quadrent |
llq | left low quadrent |
Created by:
Sierra1995
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