Histology-Bio201 Word Scramble
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Question | Answer |
Stem Cells | 1st to form in fertilized egg - can divide indefinately. |
Microvilli | Functions in absorption or secretion. |
Basement Membrane | Epithelial tissue connects to this - no cells - just proteins & sugars. |
Simple Epithelial (Squamous) | Lines blood vessels, lung alveoli - squished/flat cells. |
Simple Epithelial (Cubodial) | Lines glands & ducts - surface of ovaries & eye - cube shaped. |
Simple Epithelial (Columnar) | Tissues of stomach, intestines & uterus - column shaped. |
Psuedostratified | Simple epithelium - looks multi-layered - lines throat, nasal passage, sinuses... |
Stratified Epithelial (Squamous) | 2 or more layers - skin (keratinized), mouth, throat, esophagus. |
What type of tissue is skin made of? | Stratified Epithelial (Squamous). |
What type of tissue is found on surface of ovaries? | Simple Epithelial - Cubodial. |
Which tissue type lines cavities or tubes? | Epithelial tissue. |
Anatomy | Study of human body & parts. |
Physiology | Study of how the body functions. |
Internal Environment | Blood & the fluid around body cells. |
Tissue with no cells in it - just proteins & polysaccharides? | Basement Membrane. |
What tissue lines the throat & nasal passages? | Psuedostratified - Epithelial. |
What is the tissue of the stomach? | Simple Epithelial - Columnar. |
What tissue lines the surface of the eye? | Simple Epithelial - Cubodial. |
What tissue lines the mouth? | Stratified Epithelial - Squamous. |
What tissue is found in the ducts of sweat glands? | Stratified Epithelial - Cubodial. |
What tissue is in the ducts of salivary glands? | Stratified Epithelial - Columnar. |
Gland | Multicellular structure that makes & secrets products. |
Exocrine Glands | Secretes substances onto epithelial surface. |
Mucus, saliva & earwax are secreted by? | Exocrine Glands. |
Endocrine Glands | Make hormones that pour into extracellular fluid. |
The thyroid & adrenals are ___ glands. | Endocrine glands. |
____ glands secrete substances onto epithelial surface. | Exocrine glands. |
Connective Tissue | Most abundant in body. |
Its cells secrete a "ground substance" of fibers. | Connective Tissue. |
Elastin Fibers | Elastic & makes connective tissue stretchy. |
Lung tissue has ___ fibers. | Elastin |
Fibroblasts | Produce & secrete fibers & white blood cells. |
Loose Connective Tissue | Fibers & cells loosely arranged in ground substance. |
Which tissue acts as frameowrk for epithelium? | Loose connective tissue. |
Two main types of connective tissue? | Soft connective & specialized. |
Soft connective Tissue | Loose, dense irruglar & dense regular. |
___ connective tissue found under skin | Soft Connective - loose |
Connective tissue found in organs. | Soft Connective - Dense irregular. |
Connective tissue found in tendons. | Soft Connective - Dense regular. |
Specialized Connective Tissue | Cartilage, bone, adipose & blood. |
Dense Irregular Connective Tissue | Has fibroblasts & many fibers. |
Forms protective capsules around organs that don't stretch. | Dense Irregular Connective Tissue |
Dense, Regular Connective Tissue | Rows of fibroblasts sandwiched between fibers. |
Cartilage | Solid but pliable & resists compression. |
Cartilage is made by? | Chondroblasts. |
Chondroblasts | Cells that make cartilage. |
3 types of cartilage | Hyaline, elastic & fibro |
Hyaline Cartilage | Most common - ribs, nose, pre-bone in embryo. |
Elastic Cartilage | Flexable yet rigid - outer ear, epiglottis. |
Fibrocartilage | Packed w/collagen fibers - can take tremendous presure. |
Cushions in joints & vertebrae disks | Fibrocartilage |
Bone Tissue | Hardened by minerals - calcium salts. |
Tissue that produces blood cells | Bone tissue |
Adipose Tissue | Fat storage - soft matrix. |
What tissue is blood considered? | Connective Tissue - derrived mainly from so grouped w/in. |
3 types of muscle tissue? | Smooth, skeletal & cardiac |
Striated | Striped |
Fascicles | Bundles enclosed by connective tissue. |
Skeletal Muscle | Fastened to bone - striated - many mitochondria. |
Smooth Muscle | Not striated - contractile cells tapered at both ends. |
Muscles in walls of arteries. | Smooth muscle |
Muscle in stomach & intestines | Smooth muscle |
Muscle in bladder | Smooth muscle |
Muscle in sphincters | Smooth muscle |
Muscle containing many mitochondria | Skeletal muscle |
Cardiac Muscle | Only in heartwall - unevenly striated |
Communication junctions | Allow cardiac muscle cells to contract as one. |
Neurons | Cells that carry messages |
Neurons consist of? | Cell body w/nucleus & cytoplasm. |
Two types of extension/cell processes? | Branched & Axon |
Branched process (dendrites) | Dendrites pick up incoming messages. |
Axon | Conduct outgoing messages (mm - m long) |
Nerve | Cluster of processes from several nurons. |
Neuroglia | Accessory cells - 1/2 volume of nervous tissue. |
Astrocytes | Star-shaped cells that shuttle nutrients to neurons & insulate. |
Tight Junctions | Strands of protein that help stop leaking across tissue. |
Gap Junctions | Cannels that connect cytoplasm of adjacent cells. |
What junctions assist in cell communication & transfers? | Gap Junctions |
Branched Dendrites | Pick up chemical messages & pass them to outgoing axon. |
3 types of epithelial membranes? | Cutaneous, mucous & serous |
Adhering junctions | Cement cells together on tissues that stretch. |
Desmosomes | Spot welds @ plasma membrane of 2 cells. |
Zonula Adherens Junctions | Form tight collars around epithelial cells. |
Acetylcholine | Neurotransmitter - facilites communication between neurons. |
Mucus (mucosae) Membrane | Pink, moist & line body cavities that open to exterior. |
What membranes line digestive & urinary? | Mucous membranes |
What membranes line respiratory? | Mucose membranes |
Which membranes line tubes & cavities? | Mucose membranes |
Serous Membranes | Occur in paired sheets - no glands - secrete fluids. |
Which membranes are found in closed ventral body cavities? | Serous Membranes |
Which membranes lubricate smooth surfaces? | Serous Membranes |
Cutaneous Membranes | Skin - keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. |
What is the epidermis made of? | Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. |
What membrane is a "dry" membrane? | Cutaneous membrane. |
Name the 4 basic tissue types? | Epithelial, Connective, Muscle & Nervous |
What is the basic role of epithelial tissue? | Covering |
What is the basic role of connective tissue? | Support |
What is the basic role of muscle tissue? | Movement |
What is the basic role of nervous tissue? | Control |
Fixed | Preserving a specimen |
Artifacts | Minor distortions - alterations |
Epithelial tissue occurs in body as? | Covering and lining epithelium & glandular epithelium. |
Epithelia form ___ between different environments. | Boundaries |
Roles of epithelium are? | Protection, absorption, filtration, excretion, secretion, & sendory reception. |
3 special characteristics of epithelium are? | Polarity, specialized contacts & supported by connective tissue. |
Apical surface | Upper free surface exposed to body exterior or cavity. |
Basal surface | Lower surface attached to basal lamina. |
Most apical surfaces have ___. | Microvilli |
The epithelial lining of the trachea have motile ___. | Cilia |
Nonglandular epithelia are bound together by __. | Tight junctions & desmosomes |
Tight junctions in epithelium keep proteins in the apical region & maintain __. | Epithelial polarity |
All epithelial sheets rest upon & are supported by __. | Connective tissue |
Just deep to the basal lamina is the __. | Reticular lamina |
The basement membrane is the combination of __ & __. | Reticular lamina & basal lamina |
Innervated yet avascular tissue | Epithelium |
Endothelium | Simple, squamous - lymphatic & blood vessles, heart, & capillaries |
Mesothelium | Simple, squamous - in serous membranes & organ coverings |
Function of cubodial & columnar epithelium is? | Secretion & absorption |
Function of pseudostratified columnar epithelium is? | Secretion, particularly of mucus. |
What type of tissue in in respiratory tract w/motile cilia? | Psuedostratified columnar epithelium. |
Major role of stratified epithelia is? | Protection |
What type of epithelium lines mouth & esophagus? | Stratified squamous epithelium |
What type of epithelium is lining below hollow organs? | Transitional Epithelium |
Which epithelium can easily stretch & change shape? | Transitional Epithelium |
Name the most known unicellular gland | Goblet Cell |
Unicellular Glands | One-celled & scattered w/in epithelial sheets. |
Multicellular Glands | Most have ducts - more complex |
Invagination | Inward growth |
Evagination | Outward growth |
Most multicellular epithelial grlands form by __ & __. | Invagination & evagination |
Endocrine glands lose their ducts eventually and are called ___. | Ductless glands |
Enocrine glands produce___. | Hormones |
Glands secrete hormones by ___. | Exocytosis |
Diffuse Endocrine System | Hormone-producing cells scattered in different organs. |
Mucin | Mucus |
What is mucus made of? | Glycoprtein that dissolves in water and becomes a slimy coating. |
Multicellular exocrine glands have what 2 parts? | Duct & secretory unit (acinus) |
acinus | Secretory unit consisting of secretory cells. |
Extends into glands proper & divides it into lobes. | Supportive connective tissue - forms fibrous capsule. |
Simple Glands | Have unbranched duct. |
Compound Glands | Have a branched duct. |
Types of secretory units in a gland. | Tubular, alveolar, or tubuloalveolar |
Merocrine Glands | Exocrine gland that secretes by exocytosis. |
Holocrine Glands | Exocine glands that secrete until they rupture. Oil glands. |
Apocrine Glands | Exocrine glands - not in human but in animals. Pinches off. |
Connective Tissue Proper | Fat & fibrous tissue of ligaments. |
All connective tissue arise from __. | Mesenchyme - an embryonic tissue. |
Extracellular Matrix | Connective tissues are largely nonliving. |
Ground Substance | Contains fibers & holds larges amounts of fluid & functions as molecular sieve. |
The fibers of connective tissue provide __. | Support |
3 fibers found in connective tissue. | Collagen, Elastic, & Reticular |
Collagen Fibers | (White fibers) Collagen - crosslinked - extremely tough & high tensile strength. |
Elastic Fibers | (Yellow fibers) Elastin - stretches & recoils - skin & lungs. |
Reticular Fibers | Short fine fibers - branch extensively - network - form fuzzy nets - blood vessels. |
Fibroblasts | Form connective tissue proper. |
Chondroblast | Forms cartilage |
Osteoblast | Forms bone |
Hematopoietic stem cell | Forms bloood |
Protoglycan | Aggregate in cartilage |
Plasma Cells | Antibody-producing cells |
Mast Cells | Initiate inflammatory response |
Heparin | Anticoagulant |
Stroma | Formed by reticular fibers - labyrinth-like - frameworkfor lymph nodes & bone marrow. |
Aponeuroses | Sheet-like tendons that attach muscles-muscles or bone-bone - forms fascia. |
Facia | Fibrous membrane - wraps around muscles, blood vessles & nerves |
Elastic Connective Tissue | Very elastic, dense regular conn. tissue |
Articular Cartilage | Hyaline cartilage covering ends of long bones |
Epiphyseal Plates | Actively growing regions near end of long bones - childhood. |
Osseous Tissue | Bone |
Intercalated Disks | In cardiac muscle - junctions where cells fit tightly together. |
Tissue repair occurs in 2 major ways. | Regeneration & fibrosis |
Fibrosis | Scar tissue |
Organization | Restores blood supply - replaces blood clot w/granulation tissue. |
Granulation Tissue | Pink tissue containing capillaries - new capillary bed. |
3 Primary Germ Layers | Ectoderm, mesoderm & endoderm |
In adults, which tissues are highly miotic? | Epithelia & blood-forming tissue |
Which organs have abundant stem cells? | Epidermis & intestine-lining cells |
Neoplasm | Benign or malignant "new growth". |
Metastasis | Traveling to other body parts |
Adenoma | Any neoplasm of glandular epithelium |
Healing by first intention | Edges of wound are brought together by sutures. |
Healing by second intention | Wound gap is bridged by lg. amounts of grandulation tissue - lg scars. |
Keloid | Abnormal proliferation of connective tissue |
Marfan's syndrome | Genetic disease - abnormalities in connective tissue - fibrillin defect. Loose joints. |
Macrophages are found in __ & __. | Areolar & lymphatic |
Tendons are made of __ connective tissue. | Dense regular |
Salivary glands exibit __ glandular arrangement. | Tubuloalveolar (compound) |
Shock absorbing pads between vertebrae are formed by __. | Fibrocartilage |
Smooth muscle cellspossess central nuclei but lack __. | Striations |
Nervous tissue consists mainly of nerons and __. | Supporting cells |
Epithelial Polarity | Have a free surface & a basal surface. |
Stratified cuboidal is rare & found in __. | Ducts of some of the larger glands.` |
Sweat glands are __ glands. | Merocrine. |
Brown fat is found where? | Between shoulder blades of infants. |
Gland secretions produced by rupture are __. | Holocrine glands. |
Tissue with lots of collagen fibers are found __. | In tendons, ligaments, fibrous joint capsuels & coverings. |
Psuedostratified ciliated columnar epithelium have __. | Goblet cells. |
Wharton's Jelly | Fetal connective tissue - mucus connective tissue. |
Cardiac muscle tissue is __ nucleated. | Single |
__ muscle has intercalated discs and is branched. | Cardiac. |
__ live in the lacuna of cartilage. | Chondrocytes. |
Salivary glands are __ exocrine glands. | Compound tubuloalveolar. |
Osteocytes exist in a tiny void called a __. | Lacuna |
What is the one functional characteristic common to all macrophage-like cells? | Phagocytosis |
Kidney tubules are made of __ epithelium. | Simple cuboidal. |
__ muscle cells are multinucleated. | Skeletal. |
Multiple rows of epithelia where cells are apx. same size from basement membrane to lumen is __. | Transitional epithelia. |
The 3 main steps in tissue repair are? | Inflammation, organization, & regeneration. |
__ muscle cells are multinucleated. | Skeletal |
Glycosaminoglycans | Negatively charged polysaccharides. |
Inability to absorb digested nutrients is a disorder of? | Simple columnar epithelium. |
The tissue type that arises from all 3 embryonic germ layers is? | Epithelium. |
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Ladystorm
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