Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Histology-Bio201
BIO201 - Ch4 - Histology - Marieb/Hoehn - Rio Salado College - AZ
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Stem Cells | 1st to form in fertilized egg - can divide indefinately. |
| Microvilli | Functions in absorption or secretion. |
| Basement Membrane | Epithelial tissue connects to this - no cells - just proteins & sugars. |
| Simple Epithelial (Squamous) | Lines blood vessels, lung alveoli - squished/flat cells. |
| Simple Epithelial (Cubodial) | Lines glands & ducts - surface of ovaries & eye - cube shaped. |
| Simple Epithelial (Columnar) | Tissues of stomach, intestines & uterus - column shaped. |
| Psuedostratified | Simple epithelium - looks multi-layered - lines throat, nasal passage, sinuses... |
| Stratified Epithelial (Squamous) | 2 or more layers - skin (keratinized), mouth, throat, esophagus. |
| What type of tissue is skin made of? | Stratified Epithelial (Squamous). |
| What type of tissue is found on surface of ovaries? | Simple Epithelial - Cubodial. |
| Which tissue type lines cavities or tubes? | Epithelial tissue. |
| Anatomy | Study of human body & parts. |
| Physiology | Study of how the body functions. |
| Internal Environment | Blood & the fluid around body cells. |
| Tissue with no cells in it - just proteins & polysaccharides? | Basement Membrane. |
| What tissue lines the throat & nasal passages? | Psuedostratified - Epithelial. |
| What is the tissue of the stomach? | Simple Epithelial - Columnar. |
| What tissue lines the surface of the eye? | Simple Epithelial - Cubodial. |
| What tissue lines the mouth? | Stratified Epithelial - Squamous. |
| What tissue is found in the ducts of sweat glands? | Stratified Epithelial - Cubodial. |
| What tissue is in the ducts of salivary glands? | Stratified Epithelial - Columnar. |
| Gland | Multicellular structure that makes & secrets products. |
| Exocrine Glands | Secretes substances onto epithelial surface. |
| Mucus, saliva & earwax are secreted by? | Exocrine Glands. |
| Endocrine Glands | Make hormones that pour into extracellular fluid. |
| The thyroid & adrenals are ___ glands. | Endocrine glands. |
| ____ glands secrete substances onto epithelial surface. | Exocrine glands. |
| Connective Tissue | Most abundant in body. |
| Its cells secrete a "ground substance" of fibers. | Connective Tissue. |
| Elastin Fibers | Elastic & makes connective tissue stretchy. |
| Lung tissue has ___ fibers. | Elastin |
| Fibroblasts | Produce & secrete fibers & white blood cells. |
| Loose Connective Tissue | Fibers & cells loosely arranged in ground substance. |
| Which tissue acts as frameowrk for epithelium? | Loose connective tissue. |
| Two main types of connective tissue? | Soft connective & specialized. |
| Soft connective Tissue | Loose, dense irruglar & dense regular. |
| ___ connective tissue found under skin | Soft Connective - loose |
| Connective tissue found in organs. | Soft Connective - Dense irregular. |
| Connective tissue found in tendons. | Soft Connective - Dense regular. |
| Specialized Connective Tissue | Cartilage, bone, adipose & blood. |
| Dense Irregular Connective Tissue | Has fibroblasts & many fibers. |
| Forms protective capsules around organs that don't stretch. | Dense Irregular Connective Tissue |
| Dense, Regular Connective Tissue | Rows of fibroblasts sandwiched between fibers. |
| Cartilage | Solid but pliable & resists compression. |
| Cartilage is made by? | Chondroblasts. |
| Chondroblasts | Cells that make cartilage. |
| 3 types of cartilage | Hyaline, elastic & fibro |
| Hyaline Cartilage | Most common - ribs, nose, pre-bone in embryo. |
| Elastic Cartilage | Flexable yet rigid - outer ear, epiglottis. |
| Fibrocartilage | Packed w/collagen fibers - can take tremendous presure. |
| Cushions in joints & vertebrae disks | Fibrocartilage |
| Bone Tissue | Hardened by minerals - calcium salts. |
| Tissue that produces blood cells | Bone tissue |
| Adipose Tissue | Fat storage - soft matrix. |
| What tissue is blood considered? | Connective Tissue - derrived mainly from so grouped w/in. |
| 3 types of muscle tissue? | Smooth, skeletal & cardiac |
| Striated | Striped |
| Fascicles | Bundles enclosed by connective tissue. |
| Skeletal Muscle | Fastened to bone - striated - many mitochondria. |
| Smooth Muscle | Not striated - contractile cells tapered at both ends. |
| Muscles in walls of arteries. | Smooth muscle |
| Muscle in stomach & intestines | Smooth muscle |
| Muscle in bladder | Smooth muscle |
| Muscle in sphincters | Smooth muscle |
| Muscle containing many mitochondria | Skeletal muscle |
| Cardiac Muscle | Only in heartwall - unevenly striated |
| Communication junctions | Allow cardiac muscle cells to contract as one. |
| Neurons | Cells that carry messages |
| Neurons consist of? | Cell body w/nucleus & cytoplasm. |
| Two types of extension/cell processes? | Branched & Axon |
| Branched process (dendrites) | Dendrites pick up incoming messages. |
| Axon | Conduct outgoing messages (mm - m long) |
| Nerve | Cluster of processes from several nurons. |
| Neuroglia | Accessory cells - 1/2 volume of nervous tissue. |
| Astrocytes | Star-shaped cells that shuttle nutrients to neurons & insulate. |
| Tight Junctions | Strands of protein that help stop leaking across tissue. |
| Gap Junctions | Cannels that connect cytoplasm of adjacent cells. |
| What junctions assist in cell communication & transfers? | Gap Junctions |
| Branched Dendrites | Pick up chemical messages & pass them to outgoing axon. |
| 3 types of epithelial membranes? | Cutaneous, mucous & serous |
| Adhering junctions | Cement cells together on tissues that stretch. |
| Desmosomes | Spot welds @ plasma membrane of 2 cells. |
| Zonula Adherens Junctions | Form tight collars around epithelial cells. |
| Acetylcholine | Neurotransmitter - facilites communication between neurons. |
| Mucus (mucosae) Membrane | Pink, moist & line body cavities that open to exterior. |
| What membranes line digestive & urinary? | Mucous membranes |
| What membranes line respiratory? | Mucose membranes |
| Which membranes line tubes & cavities? | Mucose membranes |
| Serous Membranes | Occur in paired sheets - no glands - secrete fluids. |
| Which membranes are found in closed ventral body cavities? | Serous Membranes |
| Which membranes lubricate smooth surfaces? | Serous Membranes |
| Cutaneous Membranes | Skin - keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. |
| What is the epidermis made of? | Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. |
| What membrane is a "dry" membrane? | Cutaneous membrane. |
| Name the 4 basic tissue types? | Epithelial, Connective, Muscle & Nervous |
| What is the basic role of epithelial tissue? | Covering |
| What is the basic role of connective tissue? | Support |
| What is the basic role of muscle tissue? | Movement |
| What is the basic role of nervous tissue? | Control |
| Fixed | Preserving a specimen |
| Artifacts | Minor distortions - alterations |
| Epithelial tissue occurs in body as? | Covering and lining epithelium & glandular epithelium. |
| Epithelia form ___ between different environments. | Boundaries |
| Roles of epithelium are? | Protection, absorption, filtration, excretion, secretion, & sendory reception. |
| 3 special characteristics of epithelium are? | Polarity, specialized contacts & supported by connective tissue. |
| Apical surface | Upper free surface exposed to body exterior or cavity. |
| Basal surface | Lower surface attached to basal lamina. |
| Most apical surfaces have ___. | Microvilli |
| The epithelial lining of the trachea have motile ___. | Cilia |
| Nonglandular epithelia are bound together by __. | Tight junctions & desmosomes |
| Tight junctions in epithelium keep proteins in the apical region & maintain __. | Epithelial polarity |
| All epithelial sheets rest upon & are supported by __. | Connective tissue |
| Just deep to the basal lamina is the __. | Reticular lamina |
| The basement membrane is the combination of __ & __. | Reticular lamina & basal lamina |
| Innervated yet avascular tissue | Epithelium |
| Endothelium | Simple, squamous - lymphatic & blood vessles, heart, & capillaries |
| Mesothelium | Simple, squamous - in serous membranes & organ coverings |
| Function of cubodial & columnar epithelium is? | Secretion & absorption |
| Function of pseudostratified columnar epithelium is? | Secretion, particularly of mucus. |
| What type of tissue in in respiratory tract w/motile cilia? | Psuedostratified columnar epithelium. |
| Major role of stratified epithelia is? | Protection |
| What type of epithelium lines mouth & esophagus? | Stratified squamous epithelium |
| What type of epithelium is lining below hollow organs? | Transitional Epithelium |
| Which epithelium can easily stretch & change shape? | Transitional Epithelium |
| Name the most known unicellular gland | Goblet Cell |
| Unicellular Glands | One-celled & scattered w/in epithelial sheets. |
| Multicellular Glands | Most have ducts - more complex |
| Invagination | Inward growth |
| Evagination | Outward growth |
| Most multicellular epithelial grlands form by __ & __. | Invagination & evagination |
| Endocrine glands lose their ducts eventually and are called ___. | Ductless glands |
| Enocrine glands produce___. | Hormones |
| Glands secrete hormones by ___. | Exocytosis |
| Diffuse Endocrine System | Hormone-producing cells scattered in different organs. |
| Mucin | Mucus |
| What is mucus made of? | Glycoprtein that dissolves in water and becomes a slimy coating. |
| Multicellular exocrine glands have what 2 parts? | Duct & secretory unit (acinus) |
| acinus | Secretory unit consisting of secretory cells. |
| Extends into glands proper & divides it into lobes. | Supportive connective tissue - forms fibrous capsule. |
| Simple Glands | Have unbranched duct. |
| Compound Glands | Have a branched duct. |
| Types of secretory units in a gland. | Tubular, alveolar, or tubuloalveolar |
| Merocrine Glands | Exocrine gland that secretes by exocytosis. |
| Holocrine Glands | Exocine glands that secrete until they rupture. Oil glands. |
| Apocrine Glands | Exocrine glands - not in human but in animals. Pinches off. |
| Connective Tissue Proper | Fat & fibrous tissue of ligaments. |
| All connective tissue arise from __. | Mesenchyme - an embryonic tissue. |
| Extracellular Matrix | Connective tissues are largely nonliving. |
| Ground Substance | Contains fibers & holds larges amounts of fluid & functions as molecular sieve. |
| The fibers of connective tissue provide __. | Support |
| 3 fibers found in connective tissue. | Collagen, Elastic, & Reticular |
| Collagen Fibers | (White fibers) Collagen - crosslinked - extremely tough & high tensile strength. |
| Elastic Fibers | (Yellow fibers) Elastin - stretches & recoils - skin & lungs. |
| Reticular Fibers | Short fine fibers - branch extensively - network - form fuzzy nets - blood vessels. |
| Fibroblasts | Form connective tissue proper. |
| Chondroblast | Forms cartilage |
| Osteoblast | Forms bone |
| Hematopoietic stem cell | Forms bloood |
| Protoglycan | Aggregate in cartilage |
| Plasma Cells | Antibody-producing cells |
| Mast Cells | Initiate inflammatory response |
| Heparin | Anticoagulant |
| Stroma | Formed by reticular fibers - labyrinth-like - frameworkfor lymph nodes & bone marrow. |
| Aponeuroses | Sheet-like tendons that attach muscles-muscles or bone-bone - forms fascia. |
| Facia | Fibrous membrane - wraps around muscles, blood vessles & nerves |
| Elastic Connective Tissue | Very elastic, dense regular conn. tissue |
| Articular Cartilage | Hyaline cartilage covering ends of long bones |
| Epiphyseal Plates | Actively growing regions near end of long bones - childhood. |
| Osseous Tissue | Bone |
| Intercalated Disks | In cardiac muscle - junctions where cells fit tightly together. |
| Tissue repair occurs in 2 major ways. | Regeneration & fibrosis |
| Fibrosis | Scar tissue |
| Organization | Restores blood supply - replaces blood clot w/granulation tissue. |
| Granulation Tissue | Pink tissue containing capillaries - new capillary bed. |
| 3 Primary Germ Layers | Ectoderm, mesoderm & endoderm |
| In adults, which tissues are highly miotic? | Epithelia & blood-forming tissue |
| Which organs have abundant stem cells? | Epidermis & intestine-lining cells |
| Neoplasm | Benign or malignant "new growth". |
| Metastasis | Traveling to other body parts |
| Adenoma | Any neoplasm of glandular epithelium |
| Healing by first intention | Edges of wound are brought together by sutures. |
| Healing by second intention | Wound gap is bridged by lg. amounts of grandulation tissue - lg scars. |
| Keloid | Abnormal proliferation of connective tissue |
| Marfan's syndrome | Genetic disease - abnormalities in connective tissue - fibrillin defect. Loose joints. |
| Macrophages are found in __ & __. | Areolar & lymphatic |
| Tendons are made of __ connective tissue. | Dense regular |
| Salivary glands exibit __ glandular arrangement. | Tubuloalveolar (compound) |
| Shock absorbing pads between vertebrae are formed by __. | Fibrocartilage |
| Smooth muscle cellspossess central nuclei but lack __. | Striations |
| Nervous tissue consists mainly of nerons and __. | Supporting cells |
| Epithelial Polarity | Have a free surface & a basal surface. |
| Stratified cuboidal is rare & found in __. | Ducts of some of the larger glands.` |
| Sweat glands are __ glands. | Merocrine. |
| Brown fat is found where? | Between shoulder blades of infants. |
| Gland secretions produced by rupture are __. | Holocrine glands. |
| Tissue with lots of collagen fibers are found __. | In tendons, ligaments, fibrous joint capsuels & coverings. |
| Psuedostratified ciliated columnar epithelium have __. | Goblet cells. |
| Wharton's Jelly | Fetal connective tissue - mucus connective tissue. |
| Cardiac muscle tissue is __ nucleated. | Single |
| __ muscle has intercalated discs and is branched. | Cardiac. |
| __ live in the lacuna of cartilage. | Chondrocytes. |
| Salivary glands are __ exocrine glands. | Compound tubuloalveolar. |
| Osteocytes exist in a tiny void called a __. | Lacuna |
| What is the one functional characteristic common to all macrophage-like cells? | Phagocytosis |
| Kidney tubules are made of __ epithelium. | Simple cuboidal. |
| __ muscle cells are multinucleated. | Skeletal. |
| Multiple rows of epithelia where cells are apx. same size from basement membrane to lumen is __. | Transitional epithelia. |
| The 3 main steps in tissue repair are? | Inflammation, organization, & regeneration. |
| __ muscle cells are multinucleated. | Skeletal |
| Glycosaminoglycans | Negatively charged polysaccharides. |
| Inability to absorb digested nutrients is a disorder of? | Simple columnar epithelium. |
| The tissue type that arises from all 3 embryonic germ layers is? | Epithelium. |
Created by:
Ladystorm
Popular Anatomy sets