AP1 Word Scramble
|
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Question | Answer |
Dermis | Strong Flexible connective tissue *binds entire body 2gether**hair follicles, oil & sweat glands reside in dermis, extreme stretching ex:pregnancy,underlying dermis makes up bulk of skin. its tough leathery layer composed of fibrous connective tissue |
Epidermis | **outermost protective shield** 4-5 layers located in Keratinocytes,Merkel,Melanocytes,Langgerhans cells. Skin that covers palms & fingertips |
Melanocytes | are melanin-producing cells located in the bottom layer (the stratum basale) of the skin's epidermis,Melanin is a pigment that is responsible primarily for the color of skin. |
Merkel Cells | Found in the epidermal & dermal junction.They are associated with the sense of light touch discrimination of shapes and textures. |
Keratinocytes | predominant cell type in epidermis,outermost layer of the human skin, produce keratin a prtien that hardens protects skin, dead cells shed off |
Langerhans Cells | phagocytic macrophages that interact with WBC during the immune process, arise from bone marrow |
hypodermis | Subcutaneous layer lies between dermis & underlying tissue & organs, Adipose tissue & storage 4fat. fasten skin to underlying surface,insulator ,shock absorber |
blisters | dermis- acute trauma can cause a blister, which is separation of dermal & epidermal layers by a fluid filled pocket |
Striae | dermis skin- silvery white scars known as stretch marks |
5 layers of skin | 1.Stratum Basale 2.Startum Spinosum 3.Stratum Granulosum 4. Stratum Luciden 5. Stratum Corneum |
Stratum Basale 5 | deepest layer & attached to underlying dermis, single row cells, 10-25% are melanocytes |
Stratum Spinosum 4 | Contains 8-10 layers of cells connected by desmosomes.Irregular spiny shape "prickle cells" |
Stratum Granulosum 3 | thin 3-5 layer cells held 2gether by desmosomes& contains Keratinohyaline granules which contributes to form of keratin in upper layers of epidermis |
Stratum Lucidum 2 | 2-3layers, thin flat dead Kerstinocytes.*only found in thick skin** ex: soles of feet & hands |
Stratum Corneum 1 | Outermost layer, 20-30 layers thick, Keratin & thickened plasma membrane cells in this layer protects against abrasion always shed layers |
Skin Color contribution | Melanin, Carotene & Hemoglobin |
Melanin (melanocytes) | produces melanin, pigment that protects cells from UV rays..clumping of elastin fibers result in leathery skin leads to skin cancer |
skin protection from bacteria | natural bactericide found in sebum,skin cells also secrete a anti-biotic called humsn defensin that punches holes in the bacteria |
skin cancer | 1/5 Americans develop skin cancer, most benign & dont spread, some malignant & spread overexposure to UV rays, damages dna bases,disable tumor suppressor genes, sunburn speeds process |
Fas | protein that causes genetically damaged skin cells top commit suicide |
Basal Cell Carcinoma | Least deadly most common skin cancer. cells of stratum basale proliferate, invading dermis & hypodermis, lesion common face. 99% survival rate |
Squamous Cell Carcinoma | cause from Keritanocytes of stratum spinosa, arise from hands & head, grows rapidly, matestasize if not removed. of caught early good survival rate |
Melanoma Cancer | *Most Dangerous** cancer of Melanocytes, higly matastesize & resistance to chemo, apears spontaneously & abt 1/3 develop from pre-existing moles, early detection key 4 survival, surgery, immunotherapy, ABCD |
ABCD rule | A-Asymentery-lesion asymetrical B- border irregular, borders exhibit indentation C-color spot has several colors D-diameter, lesion lrge than 6mm diameter |
1st degree burn | only epidermis is damaged, symptoms include localized redness,swelling & pain ex: partial thickness burns |
2nd degree burns | injure Epidermis & upper reghion of dermis, symptoms are similiar to 1st degree but w/blisters ex: partial thickness burns |
3rd Degree Burn | Full thickness burn, involves entire thivkness of skin. Burned area appears grayish white, chery red or blsckened, nerve ending destroyed so no pain, skin graft to repair |
Flat Bones | thin flattened, usually curved ex: scapula, sternum, ribs most skull bones |
Irregular Bones | complicated shape, ex: vertebra |
Long Bones | longer than wide has shaft & 2 ends *all limbs are long bones**hv epiphysis both ends & diaphysis |
Epiphysis | at end of bones, joint surface of epiphysis |
Diaphysis | tubular shaft forms long axis of the bone structured from the really thick collar of compact bone that surrounds the medullary cavity |
Epiphysis Plate | Between diaphysis & epiphysis of adult bone, disc of hyaline cartilage that grows during childhood |
Intramembrous Ossification | fibrous membranes are replaced by bone tissue, spongy bone membranes develop w/in ossification then red marrow forms w/in spongy bone tissue followed by form of compact bone, skull & clavicle flat bones |
Endochondrial Ossification | hyaline cartilage replaced by bone tissue. |
compound fracture | if a bone end penetrates the skin |
simple fracture | bone end doesnt penetrate the skin |
complex fracture | closed fracture w/soft tissue damage |
Osteoporosis | disease which bone absorption outpaces bone deposit, bone mass is reduced,becomes pourous & light spine & femur most likely to injure, vitd & calcium,hormone replacment |
Rickets | common in children, causes bowed legs, deformities of pelvis,skull ribcage.Epiphyseal plate cant calcify so bones widen, lrg & abnorm long VITD defiency |
Pagets | Excessive & haphazard bone deposit & re absorption, nwe formed bone has Abnormal high spongy bone & reduced mineralization causes spotty weakening EX spine pelvis femur skull |
Skull Sutures | Lamboid, Coronal, Squamous, Sagittal |
Skull | formed by 22 cranial & facial bones, Cranial bones enclose & protect the brain & provide attachment sites for head & neck muscles |
Kyphosis | dorsally exaggerated thoracic curve (hunchback) common in elder;y due to Osteoporosis |
Lordosis | accentuated curve-common in overweight ppl, they are attempting to preserve their center of gravity & throw their shoulders back accentuating their lumbar curve |
Scoliosis | Abnormal lateral curve occurs most in thoracic region, most common in girls in early teens, idiopathic, treated w/braces or surgery |
% of height Intrevertebal discs | 25% counts for height of vertebral column, flatten during course of day so we r always few inches taller in am than in pm |
Characteristics Lumbar vertebra | Lumbar region of spine receives most stress (Li-L5) lrg kidney shaped pedicles, Lamina r shorter & thicker, vertebral foraman is triangular |
Characteristics thoracic vertebra | T1-T12, all attach to ribs icrese in size 1st to last, body is roughly heart shaped, 2 small demifacets into ribs,spinous process long & points downward except 11,12 articulate w/tubercles |
Characteristics Cervical Vertebra | C1-C7 are smallest & lightest, oval shaped except C7, spinous process r short, projects directly back & split tip, lrg triangular foramen |
Verebrosternal | TRUE RIBS- superior 7 pairs, attach directly to the sternum by individual costal cartilage (bars of hyaline cartilage) |
Vertebralchondral | Ribs 8-10 are false ribs- do not attach to sternum but connect w/costal cartilage to rib directly above them ribs 8-10 |
Floating(vertebral) Ribs | Ribs 11-12 are called vertebral or floating cuz they hv no anterior attachments |
False Ribs | The false ribs, are the five sets of ribs below the top seven true ribs. A rib is considered to be "false" if it has no direct attachment to the sternum |
Carpal bones | Scaphoid, lunate, triquetrem,pisiform,trapezium,trapezoid,capitate, hamate |
wheres our weight when we sit? | lower limb carries entire weight of body, they are thicker, stronger than the upper limbs. Lower limbs include; thigh, leg, foot |
lower extremities | femur, tibia, fibia, foot appendicular |
upper extremities | clavicle, scapula, humerus,ulna, radius hand axial |
Joints | provide stability & protection,classified by structure & function, fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial joints |
Synarthrosis | Immovable Joint |
Diarthrosis | joints that freely move |
amphlarthrosis | joints that are slightly movable |
Rhuematoid Arthritis | chronic inflammatory disorder that effects more women than men |
Osteoarthritis | most common chronic arthritis common in elderly & women. as disease progresses, bone thickens & forms bony spurs that enlarge at bone ends & may restrict movement, stiffness get up lessen w/activity crunch noise |
Gout- Gouty Arthritis | uric Acid excreted in urine blood levels of acid rise excessively, may be deposited as needle shape crystals in soft tissie of joint, inflammation leads to painful attacks, effects 1 joint usually big toe |
hip joint | hip joint is formed by the articulation of the head of femur w/deeply cupped acetabulum of the hip bone |
shoulder joint | large head of the Humerus fits in the small shallow Glenoid cavity of the scapula |
Created by:
1298518297
Popular Anatomy sets