Chapter 10 Word Scramble
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Question | Answer |
In a negative feedback mechanism, when the effect of a hormone increases, the secretion of the hormone? | Decreases |
A regulating mechanism that contains its own brake is called a? | Negative feedback mechanism |
The hormones that a cell will respond to are determined by? | Receptors |
The secretions of endocrine glands are called? | Hormones |
Hormones enter ________ and circulate in the blood. | Capillaries |
Hormones may be classified in ___ groups. | Three |
Hormones may be classified in three groups based on their? | Chemical structure |
What are the three groups hormones may be classified in? | Amines, proteins, steroids |
Amines, proteins, and steriods are the three groups ________ may be classified in. | Hormones |
The pituitary gland is enclosed and protected by the? | Sphenoid bone |
The sphenoid bone encloses and protects the? | Pituitary gland |
The thyroid gland is on the ________ side of the trachea. | Anterior |
The thyroid gland is on the anterior side of the trachea just below the? | Larynx |
The parathyroid glands are located on the _______ sides of the lobes of the thyroid gland | Posterior |
The parathyroid glands are located on the posterior sides of the lobes of the? | Thyroid gland |
The pancreas is located in the? | Upper abdominal cavity |
The pancreas is located in the upper abdomoinal cavity between the? | Duodenum and the spleen |
The adrenal glands are located on top of the? | Kidneys |
Are the testes located outside or inside the abdominal cavity? | Outside |
The testes are located outside the abdominal cavity in the? | Scrotum |
The _____ are located outside the abdominal cavity in the scrotum. | Testes |
What are the two parts of the pituitary gland called? | Anterior and posterior pituitary glands |
The posterior pituitary gland stores 2 hormones produced by the? | Hypothalamus |
The anterior pituitary glands secretes its hormones in response to? | Releasing hormones |
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) may also be called? | Vasopression |
Vasopressions target organs are the? | Kidneys |
Vasopression is another name for? | Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) |
What is the function of ADH? | To increase reabsorption |
ADH increases the reabsoption of what? | Water |
ADH increases the reabsorption of water by the? | Kidneys |
Oxytocins target organs are? | Uterus and mammory glands |
Oxytocin causes ________ of the smooth muscle. | Contractions |
Oxytocin causes contractions of the? | Smooth muscle |
Oxytocin causes contractions of the smooth muscle for? | Delivery |
Oxytocin causes contractions of the smooth muscle for delivery of? | Baby and placenta |
Oxytocin causes the realse of? | Milk |
The growth hormone (GH)increases the transport of? | Amino acids |
GH increases the transport amino acids into cells and the synthesis of? | Proteins |
GH _______ the rate of mitosis. | Increases |
GH increases the rate of? | Mitosis |
GH increases the use of ______ for energy. | Fats |
The stimulus for sectetion of GH is? | GHRH from the hypothalamus |
The secretion OF GH is inhibited by? | GHIH from the hypothalamus |
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) target organ is? | Thyroid gland |
The thyroid gland is the target organ for what hormone? | Thyroid stimulating hormone |
TSH stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete? | Thyroxine and T3 |
Thyroxine and T3 are secreted by? | Thyroid gland |
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) target organs are? | Adrenal cortex |
The function of ACTH is to stimulate the adrenal cortex to secrete? | Cortisol |
ACTH stimulates the ________ to secrete cortisol. | Adrenal cortex |
Prolactins target organs are? | Mammary glands |
Prolactin causes the production of ________ in the mammary glands. | Milk |
Prolactin causes the production of milk in the? | Mammary glands |
Follicle stimulating hormone target organs in women are? | Ovaries |
Follicle stimulating hormone target organs in men are? | Testes |
In women; FSH initiates the development of? | Egg cells |
In women; FSH increases the secretion of the hormone? | Estrogen |
In men; FSH initiates the production of? | Sperm |
Luteinizing hormone (LH) target organs in women are? | Ovaries |
Luteinizing hormone (LH) target organ in men is? | Testes |
The hormone LH in women causes? | Ovulation |
Ovulation is the release of a mature egg from an? | Ovarian follicle |
The hormone LH in men causes the testes to secrete the hormone? | Testosterone |
Both FSH and LH may be called _______ hormones. | Gonadotropic |
T3 and T4 increase the synthesis of ________ with in cells. | Proteins |
T3 and T4 increase the rate of? | Cell respiration |
T3 and T4 increse the rate of cell respiration of? | Carbohydrates, fats, excess amino acids |
The mineral necessary for the synthesis of thyroxine and T3 is? | Iodine |
The stimulus for secretion of thyroxine and T3 is? | TSH |
Calcitonins target organs are the? | Bones |
Calcitonin decreses the ____________ of calcium and phosphate. | Reabsorption |
Calctonin decreases the reabsorption of calcium and phospate from the? | Bones |
The stimulus for secretion of calcitonin is? | Hypercalcemia |
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) target organs are? | Bones, small intestine, kidneys |
PTH increases the _________ of calcium and phosphate. | Reabsorption |
PTH increases the reabsorption of calcium and phosphate from? | Bones to the blood |
PTH increases the ________ of Ca and P from food. | Absorption |
PTH increases the absorption of Ca and P from foods in the? | Small intestine |
PTH increases the ________ of calcium by the kidneys. | Reabsorption |
PTH increased the reabsorption of calcium by the? | Kidneys |
PTH stimulates the kidneys to activate? | Vitamin D |
PTH stimulates the ________ to activate vitamin D. | Kidneys |
Secretion of PTH is stimulated by? | Hypocalcemia |
Secretion of PTH is inhibited by? | Hypercalcemia |
The endocrine glands of the pancreas are called? | Islets of langerhauns |
The endocrine glands of the pancreas contain _________ cells. | Alpha and beta |
Alpha cells produce the hormone? | Glucagon |
Beta cells produce the hormone? | Insulin |
Glucagons primary target organ is? | Liver |
Glucagon causes the liver to convert stored _______ to glucose. | Glycogen |
Glucose is used for? | Energy production |
Glucagon _________ the use of fats and amino acids for energy production. | Increases |
The stimulus for the secretion of glucagon is? | Hypoglycemia |
Insulin causes the ________ to change glucose to glycogen to be stored. | Liver |
Glycogen is also stored in? | Skeletal muscles |
Insulin increases the intake of? | Amino acids and fatty acids |
The stimulus for secretion of insulin is? | Hyperglycemia |
Name the two parts of the adrenal gland. | Adrenal cortex, adrenal medulla |
The term catecholamines is a collective term for what hormones? | Epinephrine, norepinephrine |
Epinephrine and norepinephrine are secreted by the? | Adrenal medulla |
The adrenal cortex secretes a group of hormones called? | Mineralocorticoids |
The adrenal cortex secretes a group of hormones called? | Glucocorticoids |
Norepinephrine primary target organs are? | Blood vessels |
Norepinephrine causes __________ throughout the body. | Vasocontriction |
Vasoconstriction __________ blood pressure. | Raises |
Epinephrine effect on the heart: | Increase heartrate |
Epinephrine effect on the blood vessels in the skeletal muscle: | Vasodilation |
Epinephrine effect on the skin and viscera: | Vasoconstriction |
Epinephrine effect on the intestines: | Decreases perestalsis |
Epinephrine effect on bronchioles: | Dilation |
Epinephrine effect on liver: | Conversion of glycogen to glucose |
Epinephrine effect on use of fats for energy: | Increases use |
The stimulus for both epinephrine and norepinephrine is? | Sympathetic |
Aldosterone target organs are the? | Kidneys |
Aldosterone _________ the reabsorption of sodium ions by the kidneys. | Increases |
Aldosterone __________ the excretion of potassium ions by the kidneys. | Increases |
Adosterone helps maintain normal? | Blood volume, blood pressure |
Cortisol increases the use of amino acids and fats for? | Energy production |
Cortisol increases the use of ________ for energy production. | Amino acids, fats |
Cortisol decreases the use of ________ for energy. | Glucose |
Cortisol _________ the use of glucose for energy. | Decreases |
Cortisol has as anti-inflammatory effct, which prevents? | Excessive tissue destruction. |
The stimulus for secretion of cortisol is? | ACTH |
Estrogen target organs include? | Uterus, mammary glands |
Estrogen promotes _________ of the ovum in the ovarian follicle. | Maturation |
Estrogen promotes growth of blood vessels in the _________ if the uterus | Endometrium |
Estrogen promotes the development of the female secondary? | Sex characteristics |
Progesterone target organs are? | Mammary glands, uterus |
Progesterone increases the growth of? | Blood vessels |
Progesterone increases the storage of ________ in the endometrium of the uterus. | Glycogen |
Progesterone promotes growth of ________ cells in the mammary glands. | Secretory |
The stimulus for secretion of progesterone is? | LH |
Inhibin target organs are? | Aterior pituitary, hypothalamus |
Inhibin decreases the secretion of? | FSH, GnRH |
Testosterone target organs are? | Testes, bones |
Testosterone promotes maturation of? | Sperm in the testes |
Testosterone promotes the development of the male secondary? | Sex characteristics |
Testosterone ________ growth in height. | Stops |
The stimulus for secretion of testosterone is? | LH |
Inhibin target organ is? | Anterior pituitary gland |
Inhibin decreases the secretion of? | FSH |
The stimulus for secretion of inhibin is? | Increased testosterone |
Melatonin is produced by the? | Pinel gland |
Melatonin helps bring about? | Sleep |
Prostaglandins are made by cells from the ____________ of their cell membranes. | Phosolipids |
Prostaglandins usually exert their effects? | Locally |
The bonding of the hormone to cell receptors stimulates the formation of? | Cyclic AMP |
Cyclic AMP activates _______ within the cell. | Enzymes |
Steroid hormones are ______ in the lipids of cell membranes. | Soluable |
The steroid hormone combines with a ________ in the cytoplasm of the cell. | Receptor |
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