Anatomy ch. 3* Word Scramble
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Question | Answer |
_________________make up the lowest level of the body hierarchy | molecules |
______________compose tissues, tissues form _______________, _______________are combined into organ systems, and the organ systems make up the human ____________________ | cells, organs, organs, organism |
organisms interact with other organisms (______________) and with the environment (_________________) | society, envirome |
the human physiological environment is _______________ | aqueous |
water is a ______________for most biological molecules or solutes. | solvent |
____________are charged particles that dissovle in water | ions |
____________carry a negative charge and ______________carry a positive charge. | anions, cations |
______________are proteins that carry out chemical reactions for the body | enzymes |
exergonic chemical reactions _____________ energy | give off |
endergonic chemical reactions ____________ energy | absorb |
energy can be ____________, _____________, ______________ and ________________ | chemical, electrical, mechanical or thermal |
forms of molecular transport are ___________________, ___________________, and _______________________ | passive transport, active transport, and bulk mechanical transport |
___________________moves large materials into a cell, while ___________________moves large materials out of the cell | endocytosis, exocytosis |
_________________is the diffusion of water | osmosis |
cell theory or cell doctrine explains that all life has a ______________________ | cell structure |
all cells have three components: ________________, ________________, and _________________ | cell membrane, cytoplasm, and genome |
bacteria are _____________________cells which have no organelles or nucleus. | prokaryotic |
human cells are ___________________ meaning they have organelles and contain the genome in a nucleus | eukaryotic |
cell function is carried out by _______________ | metabolism |
_____________is a molecule that transfers energy from repiration to the cell | ATP |
aerobic respiration uses _________________ to break down glucose for energy | oxygen |
aerobic respiration is composed of three states: _____________________, ____________________, and the ___________________________ | glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain |
anaerobic respiration is carried out by muscles as ____________________ | fermentation |
a gene is the genetic informationprogramming or ___________sequence for a characteristic | DNA |
______________________involves transcription and translation | Gene expression |
the ________________describes what a cell is doing at a particular time during its differentiation or division stages. | cell cycle |
some cells are ___________________and carry out no function | dormant |
Asexual reproduction uses ______________to make two similar diploid cells from one cell. | mitosis |
_________________cells in humans are diploid | somatic |
sexual reproduction uses ________________to make four haploid cells carrying one of the set of homologous chromosomes. | meiosis |
_________________cells in humans are gametes | haploid |
_______________are made up of similar cells carrying out a specific function | tissues |
the human body is composed of four tissue types: ____________________, ______________, _________________, _____________________ | epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscle tissue, nerve tissue |
___________________forms coverings, linings, or glands | epithelium |
___________________tissue is composed of cells surrounded by a secreted matrix | connective |
___________________is a contractile tissue. | muscle |
there are three types of muscle tissue: _______________, ___________________, _________________ | smooth, cardiac, skeletal |
nerve tissue comprises ________________ and ___________________ | neurons and neuroglia |
the _____________________of humans are the integumentary, skeletal, muscular, endocrine, nervous, cardiovascular, lymphatic, respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive system. | organ systems |
cell pathology causes ___________________ dysfunctions of the body | hierarchy |
cell aging is due to an accumulation of ____________________ | molecular decay |
mutations cause _____________ damage during the _______ stage of interphase | DNA, S |
some aging is due to ________________________ | telomere shortening |
the cell of a ______________organism tends to carry out all of the organism's functions and makes up its full structure | unicellular |
the cell of a _________________communicate and share the tasks of keeping the organism alive | multicellular |
_______________describes how the human body interacts and adapts to the environment in order to survive | environomics |
_______________are one of several substances known to conduct electricity and heat. | metals |
_________________are proteins that carry out chemical reactions needed for homeostasis | enzymes |
__________transport does not require energy but does need a diffusion gradient | passive |
___________transport needs cell energy but can work against a diffusion gradient | active |
______________is the active trasport of large particles or molecules into the cell | endocytosis |
______________is the active transport of large particles or molecules out of the cell | exocytosis |
a _____________is any simple organism that must be seen with a microscope | microbe |
___________are primitive single celled microbes | bacteria |
___________are complex microbes that can be single celled or multicellular | fungi |
the _________________is involved in modifying, storing, and shipping certain cell products from teh endoplasmic reticulum | golgi body |
____________are short and found in large collections on the cell surface | cilia |
_______________are long whip-like structures usually found alone | flagella |
_______________provide cells with much of the energy needed for survival | mitochondria |
___________respiration produces an abundance of cell energy in the presence of oxygen | aerobic |
___________respiration produces some cell energy in the absence of oxygen | anaerobic |
the _______________is able to extract cell energy from amino acids and lipids taken in the diet. | Krebs cycle |
_________________refers to the cells ability to build amino acids into proteins using DNA information | Gene expression |
_________________involves the reading of the DNA followed by teh synthesis of an edited mRNA | transcription |
_________________involves the reading of the mRNA by a ribosome that builds the protein from the amino acids carried by tRNA | translation |
______________control the occurence of cell division | mitogens |
sexual cell dicision is called meiosis. it occurs in two nuclear divisions: the first separates___________________chromosomes, and the second separates _________________ | homologous, chromatids |
________________is a decrease in the size of a cell, tissue, or organ, while the enlargement of these body components is known as __________________ | atrophy, hypertrophy |
________________is the stage of karyokinesis during which chromosomes separate | anaphase |
________________is a connective-tissue type | blood |
________________is a standard unit of heat | calorie |
________________is a copy of a chromosome | chromatid |
________________is the sum of all chemical reactions in the body | metabolism |
_________________is localized tissue death | necrosis |
food is a form of _________________energy, which provides the ability for muscle movement, which is a form of _____________ energy | potential/ kinetic |
the region of an enzyme that is the point of its attachment to another molecule is called the __________________ | active site |
Created by:
Lauren G.
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