Anatomy Vocab Ch4 Word Scramble
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Question | Answer |
epithelial membranes (covering or lining membranes) | include the cutaneous membrane (skin), the mucous membranes and serous membranes; simple organs |
cutaneous membrane | the skin; superficial epidermis composed of keratinizing stratified squamous epithelium; dry membrane |
mucous membranes (mucosa) | various epithelium resting on a loose connective tissue membrane called lamina propria; open to the exterior as in hollow organs; wet or moist, continuously bathed in secretions or urine; adapted for absorption or secretion |
integumentary system | skin and its derivatives (sweat and oil glands, hair, nails); all protective, cushion and insulate the deeper body organs |
integument | covering |
keratin | cornified or hardened to help prevent water loss from the body surface |
cutaneous sensory receptors | part of the nervous systems, on the skin; tiny sensors for touch, pressure, temperature and pain receptors |
epidermis | stratified squamous epithelium becomes hard (keratinized) to protect body; consists of 5 layers of strata; has no blood supply |
dermis | dense connective tissue, connected to the epidermis; the "hide" of an animal |
blister | the result of interstitial fluid accumulating in the cavity between the epidermis and dermis |
subcutanous tissue (hypodermis) | adipose tissue, anchoring the skin to underlying organs; serves as a shock absorber |
strata | meaning "bed sheets", 5 layers of epidermis |
avascular | no blood supply of its own |
keratinocytes | the fibrous protein that makes the epidermis tough; makes up keratin |
statum basale | deepest layer of the epidermis receives the most adequate nourishment via diffusion of nutrients from the dermis; germinating layer (stratum germinativum) |
stratum spinosum | the fourth lowest layer of the epidermis |
stratum granulosum | the third lowest layer of the epidermis, cells become flatter and more full of keratin |
stratum lucidum | second lowest, clear layer of the epidermis; not present in all skin regions, occurs where the skin is hairless and extra thick (ie) palms and soles |
stratum corneum | 20-30 cell layers thick, accounts for 3/4 of epidermal thickness; shinglelike dead cell remnants |
melanin | pigment that ranges from yellow to brown and black, produced by melanocytes |
melanocytes | found in the stratum basale; cells that are stimulated by sunlight to produce more pigments by way of membrane bound granules called melanosomes; shield DNA from damaging effects of UV |
herpes simplex | cold sore virus; fever blisters |
papillary layer | upper dermal region, uneven projections (dermal papillae) as in the patterns that form the swirls and patterns of the fingerprints; genetically determined |
free nerve ending | pain receptors |
Meissner's corpuscles | touch receptors |
reticular layer | deepest skin layer, contains blood vessels, wseat and oil glands and pressure receptors |
Pacinian corpuscles | deep pressure receptors of the reticular layer |
collagen | fibers responsible for the toughness of the dermis; attract water |
elastic fibers | give the skin its elasticity when we are young |
carotene | orange-yellow pigment in carrots, deep colored vegies; skin takes on the color when eaten in large amounts |
cyanosis | when the hemoglobin is poorly oxygenated, causing the bluish tint to the skin |
skin appendages | cutaneous glands, hair, hair follicles, and nails |
exocrine gland | cutaneous glands release their secretions to the skin surface via ducts; sebaceous and sweat glands |
sebaceous gland | oil gland found all over the skin, not on palms or soles; ducts empty into hair follicle |
sebum | product of the sebaceous gland; mixture of oily substances and fragmented cells; lubricant that keeps skin soft |
sweat gland | sudoriferous gland, widely distributed in the skin, two types - eccrine and apocrine |
eccrine gland | all over the body, produce sweat, primarily water plus some salts, vitamin C, traces of matabolic waste |
apocrine gland | found in axillary and genital areas of the body, larger than eccrine glands, empty into hair follicles; secretion contains fatty acids and proteins; influenced by androgens and are activated by nerves fibers during pain, stress and druing sexual foreplay |
androgens | male sex hormone |
matrix | growth zone of the hair bulb |
medulla | central core of the hair, surrounded by cortex layer |
cortex | second layer of the hair |
cuticle | a single layer of cells; heavily keratinized, outer layer of the hair |
hair follicles | compound structures consisting of epidermal sheath, dermal sheath and papilla; where the hair is held |
arrector pili | small bands of smooth muscle cells "raiser of hair"; when the muscles contract, hair is pulled upright |
nail | scalelike modification of the epidermis, corresponds to the hoof or claw of animals; mostly nonliving material |
nail free edge | edge of the nail |
nail body | the visible attached portion of the nail |
nail root | embedded in the skin |
nail fold | the borders of the nail are overlapped by skin folds |
cuticle | thick proximal nail fold |
nail bed | the epidermis beneath the nail |
nail matrix | responsible for nail growth |
lunula | crescent of white found at the base of the nail; nail beds can turn blue, sign of cyanosis |
tinea pedis | athlete's foot; itchy, red, peeling fungus infection |
boils/carbuncles | inflammation of hair follicles and sebaceous glands, typically caused by baterical infection |
contact dermatitis | caused by exposure to things that provoke allergic response |
impetigo | lesions around the mouth and nose caused by highly contagious staphylococcus infection |
psoriasis | chronic condition, overproduction of skin cells, can be disfiguring; autoimmune disorder |
burn | tissue damage and cell death |
circulatory shock | shutdown of kidneys and inadequate circulation of the blood |
rule of nines | the method of dividing the body into 11 areas, each is 9% of body surface |
pathogens | bacteria and fungi |
first-degree burns | only the epidermis is damaged |
second-degree burns | involve injury to the epidermis and upper region of the dermis |
partial thickness burns | first and second degree burns |
third-degree burns | destroy the entire thickness of the skin, also called full-thickness burns; nerve endings in the area are destroyed; requires skin grafting |
critical burns | over 25% of body has second degree burns OR over 10% of body had third degree burns OR 3rd degree burns on face, hands or feet |
basal cell carcinoma | the least malignant and most common skin cancer |
squamous cell carcinoma | form from the cells of the stratum spinosum; appear most often on scalp, ears, dorsum of the hands and lower lip; rapidly growing; metasasizes to lymph nodes if not removed |
malignant melanoma | cancer of melanocytes; accounts for about 5% of skin cancers, increases rapidly and is often deadly |
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erosok
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