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Anatomy Vocab Ch4
Anatomy Vocab Ch4 Marieb
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| epithelial membranes (covering or lining membranes) | include the cutaneous membrane (skin), the mucous membranes and serous membranes; simple organs |
| cutaneous membrane | the skin; superficial epidermis composed of keratinizing stratified squamous epithelium; dry membrane |
| mucous membranes (mucosa) | various epithelium resting on a loose connective tissue membrane called lamina propria; open to the exterior as in hollow organs; wet or moist, continuously bathed in secretions or urine; adapted for absorption or secretion |
| integumentary system | skin and its derivatives (sweat and oil glands, hair, nails); all protective, cushion and insulate the deeper body organs |
| integument | covering |
| keratin | cornified or hardened to help prevent water loss from the body surface |
| cutaneous sensory receptors | part of the nervous systems, on the skin; tiny sensors for touch, pressure, temperature and pain receptors |
| epidermis | stratified squamous epithelium becomes hard (keratinized) to protect body; consists of 5 layers of strata; has no blood supply |
| dermis | dense connective tissue, connected to the epidermis; the "hide" of an animal |
| blister | the result of interstitial fluid accumulating in the cavity between the epidermis and dermis |
| subcutanous tissue (hypodermis) | adipose tissue, anchoring the skin to underlying organs; serves as a shock absorber |
| strata | meaning "bed sheets", 5 layers of epidermis |
| avascular | no blood supply of its own |
| keratinocytes | the fibrous protein that makes the epidermis tough; makes up keratin |
| statum basale | deepest layer of the epidermis receives the most adequate nourishment via diffusion of nutrients from the dermis; germinating layer (stratum germinativum) |
| stratum spinosum | the fourth lowest layer of the epidermis |
| stratum granulosum | the third lowest layer of the epidermis, cells become flatter and more full of keratin |
| stratum lucidum | second lowest, clear layer of the epidermis; not present in all skin regions, occurs where the skin is hairless and extra thick (ie) palms and soles |
| stratum corneum | 20-30 cell layers thick, accounts for 3/4 of epidermal thickness; shinglelike dead cell remnants |
| melanin | pigment that ranges from yellow to brown and black, produced by melanocytes |
| melanocytes | found in the stratum basale; cells that are stimulated by sunlight to produce more pigments by way of membrane bound granules called melanosomes; shield DNA from damaging effects of UV |
| herpes simplex | cold sore virus; fever blisters |
| papillary layer | upper dermal region, uneven projections (dermal papillae) as in the patterns that form the swirls and patterns of the fingerprints; genetically determined |
| free nerve ending | pain receptors |
| Meissner's corpuscles | touch receptors |
| reticular layer | deepest skin layer, contains blood vessels, wseat and oil glands and pressure receptors |
| Pacinian corpuscles | deep pressure receptors of the reticular layer |
| collagen | fibers responsible for the toughness of the dermis; attract water |
| elastic fibers | give the skin its elasticity when we are young |
| carotene | orange-yellow pigment in carrots, deep colored vegies; skin takes on the color when eaten in large amounts |
| cyanosis | when the hemoglobin is poorly oxygenated, causing the bluish tint to the skin |
| skin appendages | cutaneous glands, hair, hair follicles, and nails |
| exocrine gland | cutaneous glands release their secretions to the skin surface via ducts; sebaceous and sweat glands |
| sebaceous gland | oil gland found all over the skin, not on palms or soles; ducts empty into hair follicle |
| sebum | product of the sebaceous gland; mixture of oily substances and fragmented cells; lubricant that keeps skin soft |
| sweat gland | sudoriferous gland, widely distributed in the skin, two types - eccrine and apocrine |
| eccrine gland | all over the body, produce sweat, primarily water plus some salts, vitamin C, traces of matabolic waste |
| apocrine gland | found in axillary and genital areas of the body, larger than eccrine glands, empty into hair follicles; secretion contains fatty acids and proteins; influenced by androgens and are activated by nerves fibers during pain, stress and druing sexual foreplay |
| androgens | male sex hormone |
| matrix | growth zone of the hair bulb |
| medulla | central core of the hair, surrounded by cortex layer |
| cortex | second layer of the hair |
| cuticle | a single layer of cells; heavily keratinized, outer layer of the hair |
| hair follicles | compound structures consisting of epidermal sheath, dermal sheath and papilla; where the hair is held |
| arrector pili | small bands of smooth muscle cells "raiser of hair"; when the muscles contract, hair is pulled upright |
| nail | scalelike modification of the epidermis, corresponds to the hoof or claw of animals; mostly nonliving material |
| nail free edge | edge of the nail |
| nail body | the visible attached portion of the nail |
| nail root | embedded in the skin |
| nail fold | the borders of the nail are overlapped by skin folds |
| cuticle | thick proximal nail fold |
| nail bed | the epidermis beneath the nail |
| nail matrix | responsible for nail growth |
| lunula | crescent of white found at the base of the nail; nail beds can turn blue, sign of cyanosis |
| tinea pedis | athlete's foot; itchy, red, peeling fungus infection |
| boils/carbuncles | inflammation of hair follicles and sebaceous glands, typically caused by baterical infection |
| contact dermatitis | caused by exposure to things that provoke allergic response |
| impetigo | lesions around the mouth and nose caused by highly contagious staphylococcus infection |
| psoriasis | chronic condition, overproduction of skin cells, can be disfiguring; autoimmune disorder |
| burn | tissue damage and cell death |
| circulatory shock | shutdown of kidneys and inadequate circulation of the blood |
| rule of nines | the method of dividing the body into 11 areas, each is 9% of body surface |
| pathogens | bacteria and fungi |
| first-degree burns | only the epidermis is damaged |
| second-degree burns | involve injury to the epidermis and upper region of the dermis |
| partial thickness burns | first and second degree burns |
| third-degree burns | destroy the entire thickness of the skin, also called full-thickness burns; nerve endings in the area are destroyed; requires skin grafting |
| critical burns | over 25% of body has second degree burns OR over 10% of body had third degree burns OR 3rd degree burns on face, hands or feet |
| basal cell carcinoma | the least malignant and most common skin cancer |
| squamous cell carcinoma | form from the cells of the stratum spinosum; appear most often on scalp, ears, dorsum of the hands and lower lip; rapidly growing; metasasizes to lymph nodes if not removed |
| malignant melanoma | cancer of melanocytes; accounts for about 5% of skin cancers, increases rapidly and is often deadly |
Created by:
erosok
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