A&P II Reproductive Word Scramble
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Question | Answer |
Primary sex organ, site of gamete production | testis in males; ovaries in females |
maturation site for immature sperm | epididymis |
pathway for sperm from epididymus to the seminal vesicle | vas deferens, ejaculatory duct |
secretions of this gland will play a role in activation of sperm | seminal vesicles |
produces a thick mucous to neutralize the acidity of the urethra | cowpers gland |
portion of the urethra that travels through the urogenital diaphragm | membranous |
paired erectile bodies within the penis | corpora cavernosa |
enlarged tip of the penis | glans |
portion of the urethra that travels through the prostate | prostatic urethra |
also known as foreskin | prepuce |
portion of urethra that travels through the penis | spongy urethra |
erectile body that surrounds the urethra | corpus spongiosum |
which area of the fallopian tube is the usual site for fertilization to occur | infundibulum |
gamete has how much dna? | 1/2 of normal |
46 chromosomes in a healthy cell, 23 pair, gametes have? | no pairs; just single "halves" |
male's role is to manufacture male gametes and ... | deliver them to female reproductive tract |
female's role is to produce female | gametes; ova or egg |
sex hormones; male and female | androgens in male progesterone in female |
the sperm producing testes lie within the | scrotum |
3 male sperm delivering ducts in order | efferent ductules, epididymis, vas deferens, ejaculatory duct |
3 glands empty their secretions into the ducts during ejaculation; name them | seminal vesicles, prostate, cowper |
function of scrotum, other than to hold testes | heat regulation |
penis and scrotum lie in the area known as | perineum |
scrotum removes heat from which venous plexus | pampiniform |
function of dartos | regulate skin of scrotum; contracts when cold, reducing surface area and heat loss |
function of cremaster | extension of oblique muscle - *shrinkage* - contracts when cold to bring testes up toward body heat, expands when warm to get testes away from body heat |
blood supply | testicular artery |
blood drain | testicular vein |
role of fsh in testes | sperm development |
role of lh in testes | testosterone |
where does the dartos muscle come from; | continuation of scarta's fascia |
where does the cremaster muscle come from | internal obdominal oblique |
seminiferous tubules produce... | sperm |
source of testosterone | leydig's cells |
chryptochordism | undecended teste |
common ejaculatory duct joins with .... at the ... | urethra/prostate |
which duct cut at vasectomy | vans deferens |
smooth muscle of vans deferens affected by which hormone | oxytocin |
where sperm mature and become "swimmers" | epididymus |
acidic environment duct | urethra |
most of the seminal fluid is produced where | seminal vesicles |
which 2 accessory glands are highly aklalotic | seminal vesicles and bulbourethral glands |
prostate gland produces how much seminal fluid | 30% |
65 to 80 days for sperm to be produced; how many to mature | 20 |
function of seminal fluid | lubrication, transportation, nutrients for sperm to survive |
reduce viscosity; reverse peristalsis | prostaglandins |
fibrin clotting factor; causes "clump" | vesiculase |
enhance swimming ability | enzymes |
antibiotic factor | seminal plasmin |
shaft ends at the | glans |
foreskin | prepuce |
erectile tissues (4) | corpus spongiosum, corpus cavernosum, tunica albuginea, median septum |
blood; erection | corpus spongiosum |
maintains urethral opening | corpus cavernosum |
first 22 pair; autosome 23rd pair = | sex chromosome |
physical makeup is also called | genotype (can vs. bottle) |
physical expression is also called | phenotype (pepsi vs. coke) |
fsh -> cells | certoli; sperm production |
lh -> cells | leydig; testosterone production |
feedback mechanism -> hormone | inhibin - selectively suppresses fsh without stopping lh or testosterone |
directly stimulate the testes | gonadotropins |
normal chromosomal # term | diploid |
1/2 chromosomal # term | haploid |
crossing over concept | instead of taking all traits from mom or all traits from dad; pull a little from both |
prophase i | chromes line up to form tetrad; one from dad, one from mom. Engage in crossing over; creates new genes of mixed proportion |
metaphase i | chromosomes line up at equator of cell |
anaphase i | separate at this stage |
telophase i | cytokinesis; now have two cells, full chromes, part of each parent. |
end result of mitosis | 1 cell becomes 2; exact duplicates of each other |
end result of meiosis | 1 cells becomes 2; not exact duplicates but dual trait sharing |
all cells undergo mitosis except... | gametes |
process of meiosis in male | spermatogenesis |
spermatogonia/stem cells associated with which cell type | certoli |
3 parts of spermatozoon | head, middle, tail |
released into epididymus; only leave @ ejactulation | sperm |
prophase ii | nuclear envelopes disintegrate; still have full chromes from telo i |
metaphase ii | chromes align on equator |
anaphase ii | centromeres divide; now single strands of chromes |
telophase ii | new nuclear envelopes form; now have four haploid cells |
destined to become sperm | primordial germ cells |
lie along periphery of seminiferous tubule, multiply by mitosis | spermatogenia |
produce daughter cells | a and b cells (spermatogenia) |
remain, continute to multiply until death | a cells |
migrate closer to lumen, age to primary spermatocytes, ungergo mieosis i | b cells |
2 haploid cells are called | secondary spermatocytes |
after each secondary spermatocyte goes through mieosis ii, how many in end result | 4 |
no further cell division; graduate transformation of each spermatid to spermatazoon | spermiogenesis |
homologue to penis | clit |
homologue to scrotum | labia majora |
secondary sex characteristics that develop at | puberty |
male secondary sex characteristics | facial hair, rough course hair on torso and limbs, relatively muscular physique |
can sperm develop at internal temp? | no |
3 mechanisms for maintaining scrotum temp | clemaster muscle, dartos mucles, pampiniform plexus |
carry sperm to epididymus | efferent ductules |
absorb 90% of fluid secreted by testes | epididymus |
site of sperm maturation and storage | epididymus |
epididymus becomes | vas deferens |
vas deferens and seminal vesicle meet to become | ejaculatory duct |
ejaculatory duct empties into | urethra |
produces 60% of semen | seminal vesicle |
produces 30% of semen | prostate |
secretes clear lubricator and urine neutralizer | cowper glands |
uterine tube, uterus, vagina are | accessory ducts |
female internal genitalia | ovaries and duct system |
connects ovary to uterus | ovarian ligament |
connects ovs/uterus to lateral walls | suspensory ligament |
lower pig ears; sheath | broad ligament |
portion of broad ligament that covers ovaries | mesovarium |
ovarian blood supply | ovarian artery |
outer capsule; outer cortex - follicles/inner medulla - blood supply | tunica albuginea |
inner medulla; stages of follicle maturation (4) | primordial, primary, secondary, graafian |
catchers mitt | fimbrae |
fallopian tube site of conception | ampulla |
part of fallopian tube directly attached to uterus | isthmus |
homeostatic imbalance of uterus | ectopic pregnancy |
internal os | opening to cervix |
support ligaments | broad, lateral, uterosacral, round |
homeostatic imbalance of uterine ligaments | uterine prolapse |
outer, tough, fibrous uterine wall | perimetrium |
thickest uterine wall | myometrium |
innermost uterine wall | endometrium |
outer endometrium is which layer? | basil/proliferate |
inner endometrium wall is which layer? | functional |
which endometrial wall is lost at shedding? | functional |
provides a passageway for the delivery of infant or menstrual flow; also female sex organ for copulation | vagina |
adipose at pubic symphysis | mons |
opening for labia and vagina | vestibule |
homologue for male scrotum | labia majora |
homologue for male ventral penis | labia minora |
homologue to cowpers in male | greater vestibular glands |
erectile tissue in female | clit |
homologue to corpra cavernosum | clit |
urethral orifice | periurethral gland |
homologue to prostate | periurethral gland |
present in both sexes; functions only in women | mammary glands |
modified sweat glands that are actually part of the integumentary system | mammary |
hormonal regularion; mammary gland (3) | estradiol, pro, progesterone |
glandular tissue *mammary* | prl, glucocorticoids |
The formation, development, and maturation of an ovum | oogenesis |
which egg becomes the dominant | the egg that gets the extra receptors |
primordial oocyte that vanishes; follicular cell recruited but not used (didn't become dominant) | artresia |
fsh targets | primordial follicles |
which phase are primordial follicles targeted by fsh | follicular phase |
help secrete hormones later in follicular phase | thecal cells |
phase in which follicles in ovary mature | follicular phase |
FSH secretion begins to rise in the last few days of the | previous menstrual cycle (follicular phase) |
LH induces androgen synthesis by | thecal cells |
fsh, lh and estrogen surge happen during which phase | follicular |
ruptured follice collapses, antrum fills with clotted blood, corpus luteum formed... | luteal phase |
luteal phase happens after | ovulation |
during luteal phase, an increase what 2 substances will happen | estradiol and progesterone |
lh inhibitor that temporarily stops menses | estradiol |
geared toward changes in endometrium | uterine/menstrual cycle |
3 phases of menstrual/uterine cycle; | menses, proliferative phase, secretory phase |
actual mitotic phase of uterine/menstrual cycle | proliferative |
getting it prepared for thickness; which menstrual/uterine phase | proliferative |
burst of progesterone; which menstrual/uterine phase | secretory |
rapid decrease of hormones; which menstrual/uterine phase | secretory |
progesterone regulated; which menstrual/uterine phase | secretory |
menses starts when the body has obtained enough... | body fat |
start of menstruation | menarche |
stop of menstruation | menopause |
didn't have menstruation by age 16 or skipped for at least 6 months; | amenorrhea |
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