MuscularSystemTerms Word Scramble
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Question | Answer |
A band | overlapping thick and thin filaments |
actin | globular protein with myosin binding sites |
myosin | consists of two twisted strands with globular cross-bridges projected outward along the strands |
tropomyosin and troponin | two proteins associated with the surface of the actin filaments |
fascia | layers of dense connective tissue, surround and separate each muscle |
fascicles | bundles of muscle fibers inside the perimysium |
perimysium | divide skeletal muscle into bundles of muscle fibers |
perimysium | surrounds the entire muscle |
endomysium | surrounds each skeletal muscle fiber (cell), and ties adjacent mucle fibers together |
aponeurosis | broad sheet of tendon that connects different skeletal muscles |
tendon | bands of collagen fibers that attach skeletal muscles to bones |
what are the layers of connective tissue that make up a muscle | epimysium, perimysium, endomysium |
axons | nerve fibers |
multinucleate | muscle cell that contains hundreds of nuclei |
sarcolemma | cell membrane of a muscle fiber |
sarcoplasm | cytoplasm of a muscle fiber |
transverse "T" tubules | form pathways through the muscle fiber. Key role in coordination of the muscle fiber |
myofibrils | bundles of thick and thin filaments |
myofilaments | protein filaments consisting primarily of actin and myosin |
actin molecules | found in thin filaments |
myosin molecules | found in thick filaments |
function of myofibrils | responsible for muscle fiber contraction |
sarcoplasmic reticulum "SR" | specialized form of smooth endoplasmic reticulum |
terminal cisternae | expanded chambers of SR, contain high concentrations of calcium ions |
when does muscle contraction begin | when stored calcium ions are released from the terminal cisternae info the sarcoplasm |
sacromeres | repeating functional units of myofilaments, smallest functional unit of the muscle fiber |
cross-bridges | myosin heads of connected thick and thin filaments |
nueromuscular junction | the site where the motor neuron and muscle fiber meet |
motor neuron | nerve cell that controlls a skeletal muscle fiber |
acetylecholine | within synaptic terminal, "ACh", neurotransmitter, chemical released by a neuron to communicate with other cells |
the release of ACh from the synaptic terminal results in | changes in the sarcolemma that trigger the contraction of a muscle fiber |
synaptic cleft | separates the synaptic terminal from the sarcolemma |
motor end plate | the portion of the muscle fiber where the sarcolemma is tightly folded to contain receptors that bind Ach, and where nucei and mitochindria are abundant |
acetylcholinesterase | "AChE", breaks down molecules of ACh, stored in synaptic cleft and motor end plate |
action potential | electical impulses in the sarcolemma |
how do neurons control skeletal muscles | by stimulatin the production of an action potential |
latent period | begins at stimulation |
twitch | a single stimulus-contraction-relaxation sequence in a muscle fiber |
contraction phase | tension rises to a peak |
relaxation phase | muscle tension falls to resting levels as calcium levels drop, active sites are being covered, and the number of cross-bridges declines |
creatine phosphate | stores excess energy released by the mitochondria, is present to regenerate ATP from ADP and phosphate |
tetanus | caused by exotoxin from Clostidium tetani, the toxin inhibits certain inhibitory neurons in the spinal chord, both antagonistic groups of muscles contract and the body becomes rigid |
orgin | the immovable end of a muscle |
insertion | the movable end of a muscle |
contraction | pulls the insertion towards the orgin |
prime mover | the muscle in a group of muscles that is doing the majority of the work |
synergists | helper muscles |
antagonists | opposing muscles |
major muscles of the face | epicranius, orbicularis oculi, orbicularis oris, buccinator, zygomatigus, platysma |
chewing muscles | masseter, temporalis |
major muscles that move the head | sternocleinomastoid, splenius capitis, semispinalis |
Created by:
Anthony 619
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